Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02361-7 Naichao Wu 1 , Shan Li 2 , Boyan Zhang 1 , Chenyu Wang 1 , Bingpeng Chen 1 , Qing Han 1 , Jincheng Wang 1
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Metal implants are widely used in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. However, owing to the mismatched elastic modulus of the bone and implants, stress shielding often occurs clinically which can result in failure of the implant or fractures around the implant. Topology optimization (TO) is a technique that can provide more efficient material distribution according to the objective function under the special load and boundary conditions. Several researchers have paid close attention to TO for optimal design of orthopedic implants. Thanks to the development of additive manufacturing (AM), the complex structure of the TO design can be fabricated. This article mainly focuses on the current stage of TO technique with respect to the global layout and hierarchical structure in orthopedic implants. In each aspect, diverse implants in different orthopedic fields related to TO design are discussed. The characteristics of implants, methods of TO, validation methods of the newly designed implants, and limitations of current research have been summarized. The review concludes with future challenges and directions for research.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
骨科植入物拓扑优化技术的进展：综述
金属植入物广泛用于骨科疾病的治疗。然而，由于骨和植入物的弹性模量不匹配，临床上经常发生应力屏蔽，这可能导致植入物失败或植入物周围的骨折。拓扑优化（TO）是一种在特殊载荷和边界条件下可以根据目标函数提供更有效的材料分配的技术。一些研究人员密切关注 TO 以优化骨科植入物的设计。由于增材制造 (AM) 的发展，可以制造出复杂的 TO 设计结构。本文主要针对骨科植入物的全局布局和层次结构的 TO 技术现阶段进行介绍。在每个方面，讨论了与 TO 设计相关的不同骨科领域的各种植入物。对植入物的特点、TO方法、新设计植入物的验证方法以及当前研究的局限性进行了总结。回顾总结了未来的挑战和研究方向。
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