Neurite outgrowth-induced construction of neural circuits and networks is responsible for memory generalization, consolidation, and retrieval. In this study, we found that the traditional Chinese medicine Pseudostellaria heterophylla promoted neurite regrowth and enhanced cognitive function in normal mice. Further, we orally administered Pseudostellaria heterophylla water extracts (PHE) to ICR mice, and detected heterophyllin B (HET-B), an important cyclopeptide, in the plasma and cerebral cortex. We demonstrated that neurites were significantly elongated after coculturing with HET-B for 4 days. Next, the intraperitoneal injection of HET-B on seven consecutive days in 3-month-old ICR mice significantly enhanced the object recognition memory and object location memory than that in control. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated significantly increased β3-tubulin–positive neurite density, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density 95 in the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus after administering HET-B. Furthermore, the concentration of neurotransmitters was measured using HPLC analysis; HET-B significantly increased five-levels of HT in the hippocampus, and decreased metabolites of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Taken together, HET-B induces neurite elongation and neurotransmitter regulation and possibly enhances cognitive memory.

中文翻译：

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Heterophyllin B 是一种来自 Pseudostellaria heophylla 的环肽，通过神经突生长和突触可塑性增强认知功能

神经突生长诱导的神经回路和网络构建负责记忆泛化、巩固和检索。在本研究中，我们发现中药太子参促进神经突再生并增强正常小鼠的认知功能。此外，我们口服异叶假星菌水提取物 (PHE) 给 ICR 小鼠，并在血浆和大脑皮层中检测到了一种重要的环肽异叶素 B (HET-B)。我们证明，与 HET-B 共培养 4 天后，神经突显着延长。接下来，3个月大的ICR小鼠连续7天腹腔注射HET-B，与对照组相比，物体识别记忆和物体位置记忆显着增强。免疫组织化学分析表明，在给予 HET-B 后，周围皮层和海马的 β3-微管蛋白阳性神经突密度、突触素和突触后密度 95 显着增加。此外，使用 HPLC 分析测量神经递质的浓度；HET-B 显着增加海马 5 个水平的 HT，并减少多巴胺的代谢物，二羟基苯乙酸和高香草酸，在前额叶皮层和海马中。总之，HET-B 诱导神经突伸长和神经递质调节，并可能增强认知记忆。