Nanomaterials with cancer-imaging and therapeutic properties have emerged as the principal focus of nanotheranostics. The past decade has experienced a significant increase in research in the design, formulation, and preclinical and clinical trials of theranostic nanosystems. However, current theranostic nanoformulations have yet to be approved by the FDA for clinical use. Consequently, the present review focuses on the importance of the careful examination of the in vivo preclinical status of specific nanotheranostic materials as a prerequisite for their clinical translation. The scope of coverage is structured according to all of the major organic, inorganic, 2D, and hybrid nanotheranostic materials and their in vivo preclinical status. The therapeutic advantages and limitations of these materials in animal models are considered and the various strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of theranostic nanoparticles are summarized.

中文翻译：

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临床前癌症治疗诊断学——从纳米材料到临床：缺失的环节

具有癌症成像和治疗特性的纳米材料已成为纳米治疗学的主要焦点。在过去十年中，治疗诊断纳米系统的设计、配方以及临床前和临床试验的研究显着增加。然而，目前的治疗诊断纳米制剂尚未获得 FDA 批准用于临床。因此，本综述的重点是仔细检查特定纳米治疗材料的体内临床前状态作为其临床转化的先决条件的重要性。覆盖范围根据所有主要的有机、无机、2D 和混合纳米治疗材料及其体内临床前状态进行结构化。