Nitrogen removal from mainstream wastewater via DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation (DEAMOX) is often challenged by undulated actual temperature and high loading rate. Here, we discovered NH₂OH addition (HA) and bio-augmentation (BA) tactics on start-up and operation performance of DEAMOXs (R1 and R2) under ambient temperature (11.3–31.7 °C). Over 340-day operation suggested that R2 received 10 mg/L HA and 1:25 BA ratio (v/v, anammox/partial denitrification sludge) achieved desirable nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 97.22% after 145-day, while R1 under higher BA ratio of 1:12.5 without HA obtained lower NRE (90.86%) after 184-day. Batch tests revealed that nitrate-nitrite transformation ratio reached 98.64% at low COD/NO₃^-–N of 2.6 with HA. Significantly, compared with R2, R1 recovered quickly with satisfactory effluent total nitrogen of 4.21 mg/L despite nitrogen loading rate greater than 0.15 kg N/m³/d and temperature decreased to 14.6 °C. The abundant narG represented high nitrate reduction potential, hzsA and hdh were extensively detected as the symbolisation of anammox metabolism. Thauera, Denitratisoma and unclassified f Comamonadaceae dominated nitrite accumulation. Ca. Brocadia as the dominant anammox bacteria, and its population maintained stable against low temperature and load shocks by NH₂OH intensification. Overall, this study offers an opportunity for the wide-applications of DEAMOX treating mainstream wastewater.

通过反硝化氨氧化 (DEAMOX) 从主流废水中去除氮经常受到实际温度波动和高负载率的挑战。在这里，我们发现了 NH ₂ OH 添加 (HA) 和生物增强 (BA) 策略对 DEAMOXs（R1 和 R2）在环境温度（11.3–31.7 °C）下的启动和运行性能。超过 340 天的运行表明，R2 接受 10 mg/L HA 和 1:25 BA 比率（v/v，厌氧氨氧化/部分反硝化污泥）在 145 天后实现了 97.22% 的理想脱氮效率 (NRE)，而 R1 低于184 天后，没有 HA 的 1:12.5 的较高 BA 比率获得较低的 NRE (90.86%)。批量试验表明，在低COD/NO _{3 条件下}，硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐转化率达到98.64% ^--N 为 2.6，具有 HA。值得注意的是，与 R2 相比，尽管氮负载率大于 0.15 kg N/m ³ /d 且温度降至 14.6 °C ，R1 仍能快速恢复，出水总氮为 4.21 mg/L 。丰富的nar G 代表高硝酸盐还原潜力，hzs A 和hd h 被广泛检测为厌氧氨氧化代谢的象征。Thauera、Denitratisoma和未分类的 f Commonadaceae主导亚硝酸盐的积累。大约 Brocadia作为主要的厌​​氧氨氧化菌，其种群在 NH _{2 的}低温和负载冲击下保持稳定OH 强化。总体而言，这项研究为 DEAMOX 处理主流废水的广泛应用提供了机会。