Dopamine-based materials have attracted widespread interest due to the outstanding physicochemical and biological properties. Since the first report on polydopamine (PDA) films, great efforts have been devoted to develop new fabrication strategies for obtaining novel nanostructures and desirable properties. Among them, one-pot co-assembly strategy offers a unique pathway for integrating multiple properties and functions into dopamine-based platform in a single simultaneous co-deposition step. This review focuses on the state of the art development of one-pot multicomponent self-assembly of dopamine-based materials and summarizes various single-step co-deposition approaches, including PDA-assisted adaptive encapsulation, co-assembly of dopamine with other molecules through non-covalent interactions or covalent interactions. Moreover, emerging applications of dopamine-based materials in the fields ranging from sensing, cancer therapy, catalysis, oil/water separation to antifouling are outlined. In addition, some critical remaining challenges and opportunities are discussed to pave the way towards the rational design and applications of dopamine-based materials.

基于多巴胺的材料由于其出色的物理化学和生物学特性而引起了广泛的兴趣。自首次报道聚多巴胺 (PDA) 薄膜以来，人们一直致力于开发新的制造策略，以获得新型纳米结构和所需的性能。其中，一锅共组装策略提供了一种独特的途径，可以在单个同时共沉积步骤中将多种特性和功能集成到基于多巴胺的平台中。本综述重点关注多巴胺基材料一锅多组分自组装的最新进展，并总结了各种单步共沉积方法，包括 PDA 辅助的自适应封装、多巴胺与其他分子的共组装。非共价相互作用或共价相互作用。而且，概述了基于多巴胺的材料在传感、癌症治疗、催化、油/水分离和防污等领域的新兴应用。此外，还讨论了一些关键的剩余挑战和机遇，为多巴胺基材料的合理设计和应用铺平道路。