Cloning of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) 25 years ago has opened an exciting chapter in molecular thyroidology with the characterization of NIS as one of the most powerful theranostic genes and the development of a promising gene therapy strategy based on image-guided selective NIS gene transfer in non-thyroidal tumors followed by application of 131I or alternative radionuclides, such as 188Re and 211At. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development of the NIS gene therapy concept, from local NIS gene delivery towards promising new applications in disseminated disease, in particular through the use of oncolytic viruses, non-viral polyplexes, and genetically engineered MSCs as highly effective, highly selective and flexible gene delivery vehicles. In addition to allowing the robust therapeutic application of radioiodine in non-thyroid cancer settings, these studies have also been able to take advantage of NIS as a sensitive reporter gene that allows temporal and spatial monitoring of vector biodistribution, replication, and elimination - critically important issues for preclinical development and clinical translation.

中文翻译：

---

碘化钠同向转运体 (NIS)：放射性核素成像和治疗的新应用。

25 年前克隆碘化钠同向转运体 (NIS) 开启了分子甲状腺学的激动人心的篇章，将 NIS 定性为最强大的治疗诊断基因之一，并开发了基于图像引导的选择性 NIS 基因的有前景的基因治疗策略在非甲状腺肿瘤中转移，然后应用 131I 或替代放射性核素，例如 188Re 和 211At。在过去的二十年中，NIS 基因治疗概念的发展取得了重大进展，从局部 NIS 基因传递到有前景的传播疾病的新应用，特别是通过使用溶瘤病毒、非病毒复合物和基因将MSCs设计为高效、高选择性和灵活的基因传递载体。