露脊鲸和弓头鲸的巨型进化（鲸目：Mysticeti：Balaenidae）,Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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露脊鲸和弓头鲸的巨型进化（鲸目：Mysticeti：Balaenidae）
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-25 , DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab086
Michelangelo Bisconti _{1,

2} , Luca Pellegrino ₁ , Giorgio Carnevale ₁

Affiliation

巨大体型的演变是了解须鲸在海洋生态系统中的生态作用的关键。许多努力致力于建立将不同身体部位与活体和化石神秘动物的总身体长度和质量相关联的方程，主要集中在 balaenopterid 和 balaenopterid-like mysticetes。露脊鲸（Balaenidae 家族）具有独特的头身长度比，这表明它们的身体比例无法使用主要基于非 Balaenid mysticetes 的方程有效地预测。本文提供了一个新的活体和化石鲸鱼形态测量数据集，新的回归方程允许人们根据现存鲸鱼的预期头身长度比来预测灭绝物种的体长和质量。重建的值被映射到鲸鱼科的新系统发育分析中，推断出祖先节点的体型和质量。重建了早中新世以来鲸鱼科体型和质量的变化，揭示了：（1）上新世早期总体长减少；（2）弓头鲸（Balaena mysticetus）巨大体型的起源可能与最近3 Myr入侵北冰洋有关；(3) 露脊鲸（Eubalaena 属）巨大体型的起源发生在最近的中新世，可能伴随着维持大量浮游动物种群的营养脉冲。我们认为，Balaenidae 巨人症的进化独立发生在两个谱系中，并且可能是对不同的古环境驱动因素的反应。

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Evolution of gigantism in right and bowhead whales (Cetacea: Mysticeti: Balaenidae)

The evolution of gigantic body size represents a key to understand the ecological role of baleen whales in oceanic ecosystems. Many efforts have been devoted to the formulation of equations relating different body parts to total body length and mass in living and fossil mysticetes, mainly focusing on balaenopterid and balaenopterid-like mysticetes. Right whales (family Balaenidae) have a unique head-to-body length ratio, suggesting that their body proportions cannot be predicted effectively using equations based primarily on non-balaenid mysticetes. A new morphometric dataset of living and fossil balaenids is provided herein, and new regression equations allow one to predict the body length and mass of extinct species based on the expected head-to-body length ratio of extant balaenids. The reconstructed values are mapped on a new phylogenetic analysis of the Balaenidae, inferring body size and mass at ancestral nodes. The variations of body size and mass in Balaenidae since the early Miocene are reconstructed, revealing that: (1) a reduction in total body length occurred in the early Pliocene; (2) the origin of the gigantic body size in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is probably related to invasion of the Arctic Ocean in the last 3 Myr; and (3) the origin of the gigantic body size in the right whales (genus Eubalaena) occurred since the latest Miocene, probably concomitant with pulses of nutrients sustaining large zooplankton populations. We suggest that the evolution of gigantism in Balaenidae occurred independently in two lineages and, probably, in response to different palaeoenvironmental drivers.

更新日期：2021-05-25

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