Numerous factors, including family planning and modern contraception, disturb the potential associations between the number of children born and genetic factors in modern Western societies. The current progress of medicine and a relatively high level of well-being make it hard to test the association between children's survival rates and genetic factors in Western societies either. The goal of the current study was to reveal the possible associations between the number of children born and the number of children survived till the age of 5 y. by the time of our study with a set of six genetic polymorphisms associated with serotonin, dopamine, androgen oxytocin behavioral effects; and to test for sex-specific effects of these polymorphisms in a traditional rural sample from Arusha and Singida Districts of Northern Tanzania. The data on 965 healthy individuals (520 men and 415 women) from traditional rural communities with high reproduction profiles were collected. All participants provided information on the number of children born and survived, and other demographic information, as well as buccal epithelium samples for DNA analysis. The data were analyzed using GLM ANCOVA and the APSampler nonparametric methodology. The gene association effects on reproduction and infant survival in men and women were demonstrated. We suggest that sex differences revealed in this study are in line with sexual selection pressure on reproduction and parenting in traditional societies.

中文翻译：

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坦桑尼亚北部农村地区男性和女性的生育率和婴儿存活率：候选基因和性别特异性遗传关联。

许多因素，包括计划生育和现代避孕措施，扰乱了现代西方社会中出生儿童数量与遗传因素之间的潜在关联。当前医学的进步和相对较高的幸福水平也使得很难测试西方社会儿童存活率与遗传因素之间的关联。本研究的目的是揭示出生儿童数量与存活至 5 岁儿童数量之间可能存在的关联。到我们研究时，一组与血清素、多巴胺和雄激素催产素行为影响相关的六种遗传多态性；并在来自坦桑尼亚北部阿鲁沙和辛吉达地区的传统农村样本中测试这些多态性的性别特异性影响。收集了来自具有高繁殖率的传统农村社区的 965 名健康个体（520 名男性和 415 名女性）的数据。所有参与者都提供了有关出生和存活儿童数量的信息，以及其他人口统计信息，以及用于 DNA 分析的口腔上皮样本。使用 GLM ANCOVA 和 APSampler 非参数方法分析数据。证明了基因关联对男性和女性生殖和婴儿存活的影响。我们认为，本研究中揭示的性别差异与传统社会中生殖和养育子女的性选择压力一致。和其他人口统计信息，以及用于 DNA 分析的口腔上皮样本。使用 GLM ANCOVA 和 APSampler 非参数方法分析数据。证明了基因关联对男性和女性生殖和婴儿存活的影响。我们认为，本研究中揭示的性别差异与传统社会中生殖和养育子女的性选择压力一致。和其他人口统计信息，以及用于 DNA 分析的口腔上皮样本。使用 GLM ANCOVA 和 APSampler 非参数方法分析数据。证明了基因关联对男性和女性生殖和婴儿存活的影响。我们认为，本研究中揭示的性别差异与传统社会中生殖和养育子女的性选择压力一致。