Abstract The dynamics of microhabitat use by foraging adult and juvenile black surfperch ( Embiotoca jacksoni Agazzi) were explored. Detailed observations of black surfperch feeding at Santa Catalina Island, California, revealed that adults and young-of-year juveniles co-occurred in the same habitat but used different algal substrata as foraging sites. Juveniles selected invertebrate prey almost exclusively from the surface of foliose algae. The occurrence of young E. jacksoni was highly correlated with that of foliose algae. Adults tended to bite most frequently from turf, a low-growing matrix of plants, colonial animals, and debris covering the rocky substratum. The abundance of adults was negatively correlated with the occurrence of foliose algae. Adults and juveniles showed marked, but different, preferences in their utilization of taxa of algae as foraging substrata. Certain algae (e.g., Zonaria farlowii Setchell & Gardner) were preferred while other taxa (e.g., Sargassum palmeri Grun) were avoided by both age groups. However, most types of algae were preferred by one group but not the other. To test the hypothesis that knowledge of algal substratum composition allows prediction of fish occurrence and foraging behavior in a patch, algal cover on 2 × 2 m 2 areas of bottom was manipulated creating plots dominated by turf, Zonaria farlowii , or Sargassum palmeri . Fish occurrence could be accurately predicted on the basis of abundance of foliose algae, but foraging activity of fish was highly dependent on the algal taxon that dominated the patch. Differential prey availabilities among foraging substrata provided some insight into the patterns of foraging patch preferences displayed by adult and juvenile Embiotoca jacksoni .

中文翻译：

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通过觅食黑鲈（Embiotoca jacksoni Agazzi）选择斑块的实验分析

摘要 探讨了觅食成年和幼年黑鲈 (Embiotoca jacksoni Agazzi) 对微生境的利用动态。在加利福尼亚州圣卡塔利娜岛对黑鲈觅食的详细观察表明，成年和年幼的幼鱼同时出现在同一栖息地，但使用不同的藻类基质作为觅食地点。幼鱼几乎完全从叶藻表面选择无脊椎动物猎物。年轻E. jacksoni的发生与叶藻的发生高度相关。成虫最常从草皮、低生长的植物基质、群居动物和覆盖岩石基质的碎片中咬伤。成虫的丰度与叶藻的发生呈负相关。成虫和幼虫表现出明显但不同的，他们利用藻类分类群作为觅食基质的偏好。某些藻类（例如，Zonaria farlowii Setchell & Gardner）是首选，而两个年龄组都避免使用其他分类群（例如，Sargassum palmeri Grun）。然而，大多数类型的藻类是一组的首选，而不是另一组。为了检验藻类基质成分的知识可以预测斑块中鱼类的出现和觅食行为的假设，对 2 × 2 m 2 底部区域的藻类覆盖进行了操作，创建了以草皮、Zonaria farlowii 或 Sargassum palmeri 为主的地块。可以根据叶藻的丰度准确预测鱼类的出现，但鱼类的觅食活动高度依赖于主导斑块的藻类分类群。