海洋变暖和酸化下温带海洋生态系统的简化，而不是“热带化”,Global Change Biology

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海洋变暖和酸化下温带海洋生态系统的简化，而不是“热带化”
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-16 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15749
Sylvain Agostini ₁ , Ben P Harvey ₁ , Marco Milazzo _{2,

3} , Shigeki Wada ₁ , Koetsu Kon ₁ , Nicolas Floc'h ₄ , Kosei Komatsu ₅ , Mayumi Kuroyama ₅ , Jason M Hall-Spencer _{1,

6}

Affiliation

海洋变暖正在改变海洋生物的生物地理分布。在热带地区，不断上升的海面温度正在重构珊瑚礁群落，敏感物种正在消失。在温带和热带群落之间的生物地理鸿沟上，变暖正在导致大型藻类森林消失以及热带珊瑚、鱼类和其他物种的扩散，称为“热带化”。缺乏对变暖和海洋酸化的综合影响的实地研究意味着我们在理解和规划沿海生态系统变化的能力方面存在差距。在这里，我们关注温带海洋生态系统成为珊瑚主导系统的热带化轨迹。我们在 (i) 海洋变暖和 (ii) 在海藻和珊瑚主导的生态系统之间的过渡区海洋变暖和酸化的当前和未来条件下，对天然类似物进行了实地调查和原位移植。我们表明，温水鱼类增加的食草性加剧了海带森林的丧失，并且海洋酸化抵消了变暖对温带地区热带珊瑚生长和生理范围扩大的任何好处。我们的数据表明，随着海洋酸化和变暖的综合影响加剧，海洋沿海生态系统失去了海藻森林，但没有获得石珊瑚。海洋酸化加上变暖导致整体栖息地丧失，并转向简单的以草皮为主的生态系统，而不是仅因变暖而常见的复杂的以珊瑚为主的热带系统。₂级通过生态系统级联，可能对商品和服务的提供产生严重后果。

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Simplification, not “tropicalization”, of temperate marine ecosystems under ocean warming and acidification

Ocean warming is altering the biogeographical distribution of marine organisms. In the tropics, rising sea surface temperatures are restructuring coral reef communities with sensitive species being lost. At the biogeographical divide between temperate and tropical communities, warming is causing macroalgal forest loss and the spread of tropical corals, fishes and other species, termed “tropicalization”. A lack of field research into the combined effects of warming and ocean acidification means there is a gap in our ability to understand and plan for changes in coastal ecosystems. Here, we focus on the tropicalization trajectory of temperate marine ecosystems becoming coral-dominated systems. We conducted field surveys and in situ transplants at natural analogues for present and future conditions under (i) ocean warming and (ii) both ocean warming and acidification at a transition zone between kelp and coral-dominated ecosystems. We show that increased herbivory by warm-water fishes exacerbates kelp forest loss and that ocean acidification negates any benefits of warming for range extending tropical corals growth and physiology at temperate latitudes. Our data show that, as the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming ratchet up, marine coastal ecosystems lose kelp forests but do not gain scleractinian corals. Ocean acidification plus warming leads to overall habitat loss and a shift to simple turf-dominated ecosystems, rather than the complex coral-dominated tropicalized systems often seen with warming alone. Simplification of marine habitats by increased CO₂ levels cascades through the ecosystem and could have severe consequences for the provision of goods and services.

更新日期：2021-09-04

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