Autophagy is a process in which intracellular components and dysfunctional organelles are delivered to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Autophagy has various connections to a large number of human diseases, as its functions are essential for cell survival, bioenergetic homeostasis, organism development, and cell death regulation. In the past two decades, substantial effort has been made to identify the roles of autophagy in tumor suppression and promotion, neurodegenerative disorders, and other pathophysiologies. This review summarizes the current advances and discusses the unanswered questions in understanding the involvement of autophagy in pathogenic mechanisms of disease, primarily focusing on cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

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自噬与疾病：悬而未决的问题

自噬是细胞内成分和功能失调的细胞器被输送到溶酶体进行降解和回收的过程。自噬与大量人类疾病有多种联系，因为它的功能对于细胞存活、生物能量稳态、生物体发育和细胞死亡调节至关重要。在过去的 20 年中，已经做出了大量努力来确定自噬在肿瘤抑制和促进、神经退行性疾病和其他病理生理学中的作用。这篇综述总结了当前的进展并讨论了在理解自噬参与疾病发病机制方面尚未解决的问题，主要关注癌症和神经退行性疾病。