Proximate mechanisms leading to similarities and differences in diets of juvenile and adult black surfperch Embiotoca jacksoni in populations at Santa Catalina Island (USA) were explored. These fish are microcarnivorous, harvesting invertebrate prey primarily from benthic turf and foliose algae. Ontogenetic differences in prey size ultimately reflect age-specific differences in size of fish. Young juveniles are apparently gape limited and use a visual picking mode of foraging. This strongly influences the array of algal substrates from which prey can be effectively harvested. Turf substrates are used extensively by older fish that employ winnowing behavior to separate prey from debris. The ability to winnow develops slowly during the first year of life and allows exploitation of turf, a preyrich, extensive resource base. The marked differences in body size and foraging behavior have only a relatively small influence on the gross taxonomic makeup of the diets of black surfperch.

中文翻译：

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黑海鲈 Embiotoca jacksoni（双鱼座：Embiotocidae）猎物选择的个体发育：鱼类形态、觅食行为和斑块选择的作用

探索了导致圣卡塔利娜岛（美国）种群中幼年和成年黑鲈 Embiotoca jacksoni 饮食异同的近似机制。这些鱼是微型肉食性鱼类，主要从底栖草皮和叶藻中捕食无脊椎动物。猎物大小的个体发育差异最终反映了鱼类大小的年龄差异。年轻的幼鱼显然是目瞪口呆的，它们使用视觉采摘模式觅食。这强烈影响可以有效收获猎物的藻类基质阵列。较老的鱼广泛使用草皮基质，这些鱼采用风选行为将猎物与碎片分开。在生命的第一年，风选的能力发展缓慢，并允许利用草皮，这是一个猎物，广泛的资源基础。