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Unveiling Crystal Orientation in Quasi-2D Perovskite Films by In Situ GIWAXS for High-Performance Photovoltaics
Small ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-12 , DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100972 Dong Liang 1, 2 , Chong Dong 1 , Lei Cai 1 , Zhenhuang Su 2 , Jiaqing Zang 1 , Chenyue Wang 2 , Xuechun Wang 1 , Yatao Zou 1 , Yajuan Li 1 , Li Chen 2 , Liujiang Zhang 2 , Zhiwei Hong 1 , Abdelhamid El-Shaer 3 , Zhao-Kui Wang 1 , Xingyu Gao 2 , Baoquan Sun 1, 4
Small ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-12 , DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100972 Dong Liang 1, 2 , Chong Dong 1 , Lei Cai 1 , Zhenhuang Su 2 , Jiaqing Zang 1 , Chenyue Wang 2 , Xuechun Wang 1 , Yatao Zou 1 , Yajuan Li 1 , Li Chen 2 , Liujiang Zhang 2 , Zhiwei Hong 1 , Abdelhamid El-Shaer 3 , Zhao-Kui Wang 1 , Xingyu Gao 2 , Baoquan Sun 1, 4
Affiliation
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Quasi-2D perovskites are enchanting alternative materials for solar cells due to their intrinsic stability. The manipulation of crystal orientation of quasi-2D perovskites is indispensable to target efficient devices, however, the origin of orientation during the film fabrication process still lacks in-depth understanding and convincing evidence yet, which hinders further boosting the performance of photovoltaic devices. Herein, the crystallizing processes during spin-coating and annealing are probed by in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and the incident-angle-dependent GIWAXS is conducted to unveil the phase distribution in the films. It is found that undesirable lead iodide sol–gel formed intermediate phase would disturb oriented crystalline growth, resulting in random crystal orientation in poor quasi-2D films. A general strategy is developed via simple additive agent incorporation to suppress the formation of the intermediate phase. Accordingly, highly oriented perovskite films with reduced trap density and higher carrier mobility are obtained, which enables the demonstration of optimized quasi-2D perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 15.2% as well as improved stability. This work paves a promising way to manipulate the quasi-2D perovskites nucleation and crystallization processes via tuning nucleation stage.
中文翻译：
通过原位 GIWAXS 揭示准二维钙钛矿薄膜中的晶体取向，用于高性能光伏
由于其固有的稳定性，准二维钙钛矿是太阳能电池的迷人替代材料。准二维钙钛矿晶体取向的操纵对于靶向高效器件是必不可少的，然而，薄膜制造过程中取向的起源仍然缺乏深入的理解和令人信服的证据，这阻碍了进一步提高光伏器件的性能。在此，通过原位掠入射广角 X 射线散射 (GIWAXS) 探测旋涂和退火过程中的结晶过程，并进行与入射角相关的 GIWAXS 以揭示薄膜中的相位分布。发现不希望的碘化铅溶胶-凝胶形成的中间相会干扰定向晶体生长，导致较差的准二维薄膜中的随机晶体取向。通用策略是通过简单的添加剂掺入来抑制中间相的形成。因此，获得了具有降低的陷阱密度和更高载流子迁移率的高度取向的钙钛矿薄膜，这使得优化的准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池具有15.2%的功率转换效率和更高的稳定性。这项工作为通过调节成核阶段来操纵准二维钙钛矿成核和结晶过程铺平了道路。这能够展示优化的准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池，其功率转换效率为 15.2%，并且稳定性得到提高。这项工作为通过调节成核阶段来操纵准二维钙钛矿成核和结晶过程铺平了道路。这能够展示优化的准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池，其功率转换效率为 15.2%，并且稳定性得到提高。这项工作为通过调节成核阶段来操纵准二维钙钛矿成核和结晶过程铺平了道路。
更新日期：2021-08-19
中文翻译：
通过原位 GIWAXS 揭示准二维钙钛矿薄膜中的晶体取向，用于高性能光伏
由于其固有的稳定性，准二维钙钛矿是太阳能电池的迷人替代材料。准二维钙钛矿晶体取向的操纵对于靶向高效器件是必不可少的，然而，薄膜制造过程中取向的起源仍然缺乏深入的理解和令人信服的证据，这阻碍了进一步提高光伏器件的性能。在此，通过原位掠入射广角 X 射线散射 (GIWAXS) 探测旋涂和退火过程中的结晶过程，并进行与入射角相关的 GIWAXS 以揭示薄膜中的相位分布。发现不希望的碘化铅溶胶-凝胶形成的中间相会干扰定向晶体生长，导致较差的准二维薄膜中的随机晶体取向。通用策略是通过简单的添加剂掺入来抑制中间相的形成。因此，获得了具有降低的陷阱密度和更高载流子迁移率的高度取向的钙钛矿薄膜，这使得优化的准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池具有15.2%的功率转换效率和更高的稳定性。这项工作为通过调节成核阶段来操纵准二维钙钛矿成核和结晶过程铺平了道路。这能够展示优化的准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池，其功率转换效率为 15.2%，并且稳定性得到提高。这项工作为通过调节成核阶段来操纵准二维钙钛矿成核和结晶过程铺平了道路。这能够展示优化的准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池，其功率转换效率为 15.2%，并且稳定性得到提高。这项工作为通过调节成核阶段来操纵准二维钙钛矿成核和结晶过程铺平了道路。
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