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Osmium Arene Germyl, Stannyl, Germanate, and Stannate Complexes as Anticancer Agents
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-12 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02665 Tomiris Nabiyeva 1 , Basile Roufosse 1 , Matylda Odachowski 1 , Judith Baumgartner 2 , Christoph Marschner 2 , Akalesh Kumar Verma 3 , Burgert Blom 1
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-12 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02665 Tomiris Nabiyeva 1 , Basile Roufosse 1 , Matylda Odachowski 1 , Judith Baumgartner 2 , Christoph Marschner 2 , Akalesh Kumar Verma 3 , Burgert Blom 1
Affiliation
Herein, we describe the synthesis, full spectroscopic characterization, DFT (density functional theory) calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of a series of osmium arene σ-germyl, germanate, σ-stannyl, and stannate complexes, along with their cytotoxic (anticancer) investigations. The known dimer complexes [OsCl2(η6-C6H6)]2 (1) and [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)]2 (2) were reacted with PPh3 to form the known mononuclear complex [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PPh3)] (3) and the new complex [OsCl2(η6-C6H6)(PPh3)] (6); complex 3 was reacted with GeCl2·(dioxane) and SnCl2 to afford, by insertion into the Os–Cl bond, the neutral σ-germyl and stannyl complexes [OsCl(η6-p-cymene)(PPh3)(GeCl3)] (7) and [OsCl(η6-p-cymene)(PPh3)(SnCl3)] (11), respectively, as a mixture of enantiomers. Similarly, the reaction of complex 6 with GeCl2·(dioxane) afforded [OsCl(η6-C6H6)(PPh3)(GeCl3)] (9). Complex 2, upon reaction with 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), formed a mixture of [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)(κ1-dppm)] (4) and [Os(η6-p-cymene)(κ2-dppm)Cl]+Cl– (5) when prepared in acetonitrile and a mixture of 4 and the dinuclear complex [[OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)]2(μ-dppm)] (0) when prepared in dichloromethane. By utilizing either isolated 4 or a mixture of 4 and 5, the synthesis of κ2-dppm germanate and stannate salts, [OsCl(η6-p-cymene)(κ2-dppm)]+GeCl3– (8) and [OsCl(η6-p-cymene)(κ2-dppm)]+SnCl3– (10), were accomplished via halide-abstracting reactions with GeCl2·(dioxane) or SnCl2, respectively. All resulting complexes were characterized by means of multinuclear NMR, FT-IR, ESI-MS, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analyses of 4, 8, 9, 10, and 11 were performed and are reported. DFT studies (B3LYP, basis set LANL2DZ for Os, and def2-TZVPP for Sn, Ge, Cl, P, C, and H) were performed on complex 9 and the benzene analogue of complex 11, 11–benzene, to evaluate the structural changes and the effects on the frontier molecular orbitals arising from the substitution of Ge for Sn. Finally, complexes 3 and 7–11 were investigated for potential anticancer activities considering cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays against Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) malignant cancer cell lines. The complexes were also tested against healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). All cell lines were also treated with the reference drug cisplatin to draw a comparison with the results obtained from the reported complexes. The study was further corroborated with in silico molecular interaction simulations and a pharmacokinetic study.
中文翻译:
芳烃甲锇基、甲锡基、锗酸盐和锡酸盐复合物作为抗癌剂
在此,我们描述了一系列芳烃锇σ-甲锗基、锗酸盐、σ-锡基和锡酸盐配合物的合成、全光谱表征、DFT(密度泛函理论)计算和单晶X射线衍射分析,以及他们的细胞毒性(抗癌)研究。已知的二聚体配合物[OsCl 2 (η 6 -C 6 H 6 )] 2 ( 1 )和[OsCl 2 (η 6 - p -伞花烯)] 2 ( 2 )与PPh 3反应形成已知的单核配合物[ OsCl 2 (η 6 - p -伞花烃)(PPh 3 )] ( 3 ) 和新络合物 [OsCl 2 (η 6 -C 6 H 6 )(PPh 3 )] ( 6 );配合物3与 GeCl 2 ·(二恶烷)和 SnCl 2反应,通过插入 Os-Cl 键,提供中性的 σ-germyl 和 stannyl 配合物 [OsCl(η 6 - p -cymene)(PPh 3 )(GeCl 3 )]( 7 )和[OsCl(η 6 -对伞花烃)(PPh 3 )(SnCl 3 )]( 11 ),分别作为对映体的混合物。类似地,络合物6与GeCl 2 ·(二恶烷)反应得到[OsCl(η 6 -C 6 H 6 )(PPh 3 )(GeCl 3 )]( 9 )。 配合物2与 1,1-双(二苯基膦)甲烷 (dppm) 反应后,形成 [OsCl 2 (η 6 - p -伞花烃)(κ 1 -dppm)] ( 4 ) 和 [Os(η 6 - p -伞花烃)(κ 2 -dppm)Cl] + Cl – ( 5 ) 在乙腈和4的混合物中制备时,双核配合物 [[OsCl 2 (η 6 - p -伞花烃)] 2 (μ-dppm )]( 0 )当在二氯甲烷中制备时。通过利用分离的4或4和5的混合物,合成 κ 2 -dppm 锗酸盐和锡酸盐,[OsCl(η 6 - p -cymene)(κ 2 -dppm)] + GeCl 3 – ( 8 ) 和[OsCl(η 6 - p -伞花烃)(κ 2 -dppm)] + SnCl 3 – ( 10 ) 分别通过与GeCl 2 ·(二恶烷)或SnCl 2的卤化物提取反应来完成。所有生成的复合物均通过多核 NMR、FT-IR、ESI-MS 和 UV/Vis 光谱进行表征。进行并报告了4、8、9、10和11的X射线衍射分析。 对配合物9和配合物11 、 11-苯的苯类似物进行了 DFT 研究(B3LYP、Os 的基组 LANL2DZ 和 Sn、Ge、Cl、P、C 和 H 的 def2-TZVPP),以评估结构Ge 取代 Sn 引起的变化及其对前沿分子轨道的影响。最后,考虑到针对道尔顿淋巴瘤 (DL) 和艾氏腹水癌 (EAC) 恶性癌细胞系的细胞毒性和细胞凋亡测定,研究了复合物3和7 – 11 的潜在抗癌活性。该复合物还针对健康外周血单核细胞(PBMC)进行了测试。所有细胞系也用参考药物顺铂处理,以与从报道的复合物获得的结果进行比较。该研究得到了计算机分子相互作用模拟和药代动力学研究的进一步证实。
更新日期:2021-07-27
中文翻译:
芳烃甲锇基、甲锡基、锗酸盐和锡酸盐复合物作为抗癌剂
在此,我们描述了一系列芳烃锇σ-甲锗基、锗酸盐、σ-锡基和锡酸盐配合物的合成、全光谱表征、DFT(密度泛函理论)计算和单晶X射线衍射分析,以及他们的细胞毒性(抗癌)研究。已知的二聚体配合物[OsCl 2 (η 6 -C 6 H 6 )] 2 ( 1 )和[OsCl 2 (η 6 - p -伞花烯)] 2 ( 2 )与PPh 3反应形成已知的单核配合物[ OsCl 2 (η 6 - p -伞花烃)(PPh 3 )] ( 3 ) 和新络合物 [OsCl 2 (η 6 -C 6 H 6 )(PPh 3 )] ( 6 );配合物3与 GeCl 2 ·(二恶烷)和 SnCl 2反应,通过插入 Os-Cl 键,提供中性的 σ-germyl 和 stannyl 配合物 [OsCl(η 6 - p -cymene)(PPh 3 )(GeCl 3 )]( 7 )和[OsCl(η 6 -对伞花烃)(PPh 3 )(SnCl 3 )]( 11 ),分别作为对映体的混合物。类似地,络合物6与GeCl 2 ·(二恶烷)反应得到[OsCl(η 6 -C 6 H 6 )(PPh 3 )(GeCl 3 )]( 9 )。 配合物2与 1,1-双(二苯基膦)甲烷 (dppm) 反应后,形成 [OsCl 2 (η 6 - p -伞花烃)(κ 1 -dppm)] ( 4 ) 和 [Os(η 6 - p -伞花烃)(κ 2 -dppm)Cl] + Cl – ( 5 ) 在乙腈和4的混合物中制备时,双核配合物 [[OsCl 2 (η 6 - p -伞花烃)] 2 (μ-dppm )]( 0 )当在二氯甲烷中制备时。通过利用分离的4或4和5的混合物,合成 κ 2 -dppm 锗酸盐和锡酸盐,[OsCl(η 6 - p -cymene)(κ 2 -dppm)] + GeCl 3 – ( 8 ) 和[OsCl(η 6 - p -伞花烃)(κ 2 -dppm)] + SnCl 3 – ( 10 ) 分别通过与GeCl 2 ·(二恶烷)或SnCl 2的卤化物提取反应来完成。所有生成的复合物均通过多核 NMR、FT-IR、ESI-MS 和 UV/Vis 光谱进行表征。进行并报告了4、8、9、10和11的X射线衍射分析。 对配合物9和配合物11 、 11-苯的苯类似物进行了 DFT 研究(B3LYP、Os 的基组 LANL2DZ 和 Sn、Ge、Cl、P、C 和 H 的 def2-TZVPP),以评估结构Ge 取代 Sn 引起的变化及其对前沿分子轨道的影响。最后,考虑到针对道尔顿淋巴瘤 (DL) 和艾氏腹水癌 (EAC) 恶性癌细胞系的细胞毒性和细胞凋亡测定,研究了复合物3和7 – 11 的潜在抗癌活性。该复合物还针对健康外周血单核细胞(PBMC)进行了测试。所有细胞系也用参考药物顺铂处理,以与从报道的复合物获得的结果进行比较。该研究得到了计算机分子相互作用模拟和药代动力学研究的进一步证实。