Aurantio-obtusin, an anthraquinone compound, isolated from dried seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. (syn. Senna obtusifolia; Fabaceae) and Cassia tora L. (syn. Senna tora). Although the biological activities of Semen Cassiae have been reported, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of aurantio-obtusin, its main compound, on RAW264.7 cells, remained unknown. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of aurantio-obtusin on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells in vitro and elucidated the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Nitric oxide production (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by the Griess colorimetric method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were monitored by cell-based ELISA. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) synthesis were analyzed using ELISA. The mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, and the critical pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Aurantio-obtusin significantly decreased the production of NO, PGE2, and inhibited the protein expression of COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6, which were similar to those gene expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.01). Consistent with the pro-inflammatory gene expression, the Aurantio-obtusin efficiently reduced the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB in RAW264.7 cells. These results suggested that aurantio-obtusin may function as a therapeutic agent and can be considered in the further development of treatments for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Further studies may provide scientific evidence for the use of aurantio-obstusin as a new therapeutic agent for inflammation-related diseases.

中文翻译：

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Aurantio-Obtusin 通过调节 NF-κB 通路从 Cassia obtusifolia L. 种子中获得抗炎作用

Aurantio-obtusin，一种蒽醌化合物，从 Cassia obtusifolia L. (syn. Senna obtusifolia; Fabaceae) 和 Cassia tora L. (syn. Senna tora) 的干燥种子中分离出来。尽管已经报道了决明子的生物活性，但其主要化合物 aurantio-obtusin 对 RAW264.7 细胞的抗炎机制仍然未知。我们在体外研究了 aurantio-obtusin 对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的 RAW264.7 细胞的抗炎作用，并阐明了可能的潜在分子机制。分别通过 Griess 比色法和酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) 测量一氧化氮产生 (NO) 和前列腺素 E2 (PGE2)。通过基于细胞的 ELISA 监测环氧合酶 2 (COX-2) 的蛋白质表达水平。使用 ELISA 分析白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) 和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 的合成。通过实时定量 PCR 检测一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)、COX-2 和关键促炎细胞因子 (IL-6 和 TNF-α) 的 mRNA 表达。Aurantio-obtusin显着降低NO、PGE2的产生，抑制COX-2、TNF-α和IL-6的蛋白表达，与iNOS、COX-2、TNF-α和IL-6的基因表达相似。 6 (p < 0.01)。与促炎基因表达一致，Aurantio-obtusin 有效降低了 LPS 诱导的 RAW264.7 细胞核因子-κB 的激活。这些结果表明 aurantio-obtusin 可能起到治疗剂的作用，可以考虑用于进一步开发各种炎症性疾病的治疗方法。