Advanced biomaterials in cell preservation: Hypothermic preservation and cryopreservation,Acta Biomaterialia

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Advanced biomaterials in cell preservation: Hypothermic preservation and cryopreservation
Acta Biomaterialia ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.001
Yiming Ma ₁ , Lei Gao ₁ , Yunqing Tian ₁ , Pengguang Chen ₁ , Jing Yang ₁ , Lei Zhang ₁

Affiliation

Cell-based medicine has made great advances in clinical diagnosis and therapy for various refractory diseases, inducing a growing demand for cell preservation as support technology. However, the bottleneck problems in cell preservation include low efficiency and poor biocompatibility of traditional protectants. In this review, cell preservation technologies are categorized according to storage conditions: hypothermic preservation at 1 °C~35 °C to maintain short-term cell viability that is useful in cell diagnosis and transport, while cryopreservation at −196 °C~−80 °C to maintain long-term cell viability that provides opportunities for therapeutic cell product storage. Firstly, the background and developmental history of the protectants used in the two preservation technologies are briefly introduced. Secondly, the progress in different cellular protection mechanisms for advanced biomaterials are discussed in two preservation technologies. In hypothermic preservation, the hypothermia-induced and extracellular matrix-loss injuries to cells are comprehensively summarized, as well as the recent biomaterials dependent on regulation of cellular ATP level, stabilization of cellular membrane, balance of antioxidant defense system, and supply of mimetic ECM to prolong cell longevity are provided. In cryopreservation, cellular injuries and advanced biomaterials that can protect cells from osmotic or ice injury, and alleviate oxidative stress to allow cell survival are concluded. Last, an insight into the perspectives and challenges of this technology is provided. We envision advanced biocompatible materials for highly efficient cell preservation as critical in future developments and trends to support cell-based medicine.

Statement of significance

Cell preservation technologies present a critical role in cell-based applications, and more efficient biocompatible protectants are highly required. This review categorizes cell preservation technologies into hypothermic preservation and cryopreservation according to their storage conditions, and comprehensively reviews the recently advanced biomaterials related. The background, development, and cellular protective mechanisms of these two preservation technologies are respectively introduced and summarized. Moreover, the differences, connections, individual demands of these two technologies are also provided and discussed.

中文翻译：

细胞保存中的先进生物材料：低温保存和冷冻保存

以细胞为基础的医学在各种难治性疾病的临床诊断和治疗方面取得了长足的进步，对细胞保存作为支持技术的需求不断增长。然而，细胞保存的瓶颈问题包括传统保护剂的效率低和生物相容性差。在这篇综述中，细胞保存技术根据储存条件进行分类：1°C~35°C低温保存以维持短期细胞活力，有助于细胞诊断和运输，而-196°C~-80低温保存°C 以保持长期细胞活力，为治疗性细胞产品储存提供机会。首先简要介绍了两种保鲜技术所使用的保护剂的背景和发展历程。其次，两种保存技术讨论了先进生物材料不同细胞保护机制的进展。在低温保存方面，全面总结了低温诱导和细胞外基质丢失对细胞的损伤，以及最近依赖细胞ATP水平调节、细胞膜稳定、抗氧化防御系统平衡和模拟ECM供应的生物材料提供延长细胞寿命。在冷冻保存中，总结了细胞损伤和可以保护细胞免受渗透或冰损伤并减轻氧化应激以允许细胞存活的先进生物材料。最后，提供了对该技术的前景和挑战的深入了解。