用于可靠的体汗分析的乳酸生物传感,ACS Sensors

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用于可靠的体汗分析的乳酸生物传感
ACS Sensors ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 , DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01009
Xing Xuan ₁ , Clara Pérez-Ràfols ₁ , Chen Chen ₁ , Maria Cuartero ₁ , Gaston A Crespo ₁

Affiliation

用于汗液分析的可穿戴乳酸传感器在运动和医疗保健领域都极具吸引力。电化学生物传感是最广泛用于乳酸测定的方法，该技术通常表现出远低于汗液中预期乳酸水平的线性响应范围，同时受 pH 值和温度的影响很大。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的分析策略，该策略基于到达固定在生物传感器核心中的乳酸氧化酶的乳酸通量的限制。这是通过包含四（4-氯苯基）硼酸季铵盐（传统上称为 ETH500）的外部增塑聚合物层实现的。此外，该层可防止酶与样品直接接触，因此，pH 值和温度的任何影响都显着降低。除了可接受的响应时间外，这种新型生物传感器还证明了毫摩尔范围内（从 1 到 50 mM）的扩展检测限；适当的重复性、再现性和可逆性（灵敏度的变化低于 5%）；良好的弹性；出色的选择性；低漂移；流速的影响可以忽略不计；以及与用于乳酸检测的标准化方法（例如离子色谱法（通过分析从 6 名骑自行车或跑步的不同受试者收集的 22 份汗液样本）之间的非凡相关性（Pearson 系数为 0.97）。开发的乳酸生物传感器适用于通过额外包含 pH 值和温度传感器的微流体表皮贴片进行身体汗液乳酸监测。这种适用性在三个不同的身体位置（前额、大腿和背部）在骑自行车时总共五次身体测试中得到了证明，实现了适当的性能和验证。此外，用于乳酸传感的表皮贴片便于分析受试者手臂中离子电渗刺激的汗液，这在医疗保健应用中具有巨大潜力。

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Lactate Biosensing for Reliable On-Body Sweat Analysis

Wearable lactate sensors for sweat analysis are highly appealing for both the sports and healthcare fields. Electrochemical biosensing is the approach most widely used for lactate determination, and this technology generally demonstrates a linear range of response far below the expected lactate levels in sweat together with a high influence of pH and temperature. In this work, we present a novel analytical strategy based on the restriction of the lactate flux that reaches the enzyme lactate oxidase, which is immobilized in the biosensor core. This is accomplished by means of an outer plasticized polymeric layer containing the quaternary salt tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (traditionally known as ETH500). Also, this layer prevents the enzyme from being in direct contact with the sample, and hence, any influence with the pH and temperature is dramatically reduced. An expanded limit of detection in the millimolar range (from 1 to 50 mM) is demonstrated with this new biosensor, in addition to an acceptable response time; appropriate repeatability, reproducibility, and reversibility (variations lower than 5% for the sensitivity); good resiliency; excellent selectivity; low drift; negligible influence of the flow rate; and extraordinary correlation (Pearson coefficient of 0.97) with a standardized method for lactate detection such as ion chromatography (through analysis of 22 sweat samples collected from 6 different subjects performing cycling or running). The developed lactate biosensor is suitable for on-body sweat lactate monitoring via a microfluidic epidermal patch additionally containing pH and temperature sensors. This applicability was demonstrated in three different body locations (forehead, thigh, and back) in a total of five on-body tests while cycling, achieving appropriate performance and validation. Moreover, the epidermal patch for lactate sensing is convenient for the analysis of sweat stimulated by iontophoresis in the subjects’ arm, which is of great potential toward healthcare applications.

更新日期：2021-07-23

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