The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of purple basil methanolic extract and essential oil on serum lipid profiles in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Feeding a high-cholesterol diet increased serum lipid profiles, leptin, hepatic triglyceride, cholesterol levels, malondialdehyde concentrations, fatty acid synthase (FAS), liver X receptors (LXRs), ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP-1c) expression in the liver in rats. The extract and essential oil reduced serum triglycerides by 28.2%, 30.7%, and total cholesterol by 21.7% and 14.5%, respectively. The applications did not return the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities to their normal levels. Extract and fenofibrate administration decreased serum leptin levels by 17.5% and 27.5%, respectively. The extract reduced hepatic triglyceride by 16.4% and total cholesterol by 22.1%. Fenofibrate reduced the triglyceride and hepatic total cholesterol by 25.5% and 46.3%, respectively. The decrease in MDA levels was 34.6% in those treated with the extract, and less in those who were applied essential oil. Expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), liver X receptors (LXRs), ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP-1c) in the liver decreased by 20.9%, 15.4%, 20.7% and 16.9%, respectively, when the extract was administered. For those treated with essential oil, the decline was 9.9%, 13.6%, 10.2%, and 12.5%. It decreased by 38.1%, 56.8%, 21.7% and 40.8% in those administered fenofibrate. The ABTS and DPPH based antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of the extract were 67.83%, 86.98% and 57.94 ± 0.39 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE), respectively. The results reveal that methanolic extract of purple basil may contain hypolipidemic and antioxidant substances and its protective effect on the liver.

本研究的目的是调查和比较紫罗勒甲醇提取物和精油对高胆固醇饮食大鼠血清脂质谱的影响。喂养高胆固醇饮食会增加血清脂质谱、瘦素、肝甘油三酯、胆固醇水平、丙二醛浓度、脂肪酸合酶 (FAS)、肝 X 受体 (LXR)、ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶 (ACLY) 和甾醇调节元件结合蛋白质（SREBP-1c）在大鼠肝脏中的表达。提取物和精油分别将血清甘油三酯降低了 28.2%、30.7%，将总胆固醇降低了 21.7% 和 14.5%。这些应用没有使天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST) 和丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT) 活性恢复到正常水平。提取物和非诺贝特给药使血清瘦素水平降低 17.5% 和 27.5%，分别。该提取物使肝脏甘油三酯降低了 16.4%，总胆固醇降低了 22.1%。非诺贝特使甘油三酯和肝脏总胆固醇分别降低 25.5% 和 46.3%。用提取物治疗的人 MDA 水平降低了 34.6%，而使用精油的人则降低了 34.6%。肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶 (FAS)、肝 X 受体 (LXRs)、ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶 (ACLY) 和甾醇调节元件结合蛋白 (SREBP-1c) 的表达分别下降 20.9%、15.4%、20.7% 和给予提取物时分别为 16.9%。对于接受精油治疗的患者，下降幅度分别为 9.9%、13.6%、10.2% 和 12.5%。在服用非诺贝特的患者中，它分别下降了 38.1%、56.8%、21.7% 和 40.8%。基于 ABTS 和 DPPH 的提取物的抗氧化活性和总酚含量分别为 67.83%、86.98% 和 57。分别为 94 ± 0.39 mg 没食子酸当量 (GAE)。结果表明，紫罗勒甲醇提取物可能含有降血脂和抗氧化物质及其对肝脏的保护作用。