Stretchable energy harvesting sources that are comfortable to wear are urgently needed to power next-generation wearable electronics and Internet of Things (IoTs) devices. Herein we present a novel triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) employing solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) as a stretchable and transparent electrode for the first time. The use of SPE endows the TENG with high stretchability, superb transparency, environmental stability, and enhanced electrical output. By combining phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) with biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the resulting SPE achieves a stretchability of 1058% and ionic conductivity of 1.39 S m⁻¹ due to the dual functions of H₃PO₄ as both the plasticiser and the ion-conductive charge carrier. The formation of an electrical double layer (EDL) between the ion-conducting SPE and the electron-conducting carbon tape dramatically increased the electric output and yielded a high open circuit voltage of 992 V, short circuit current of 44.8 μA and power density of 26 W m⁻². Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the enhancing effect of EDL on TENG output is proportional to surface area of the double layer and hence the capacitance of SPE-TENG. More importantly, the SPE-TENG shows stable performance under ambient condition for long duration as it is free of the dehydration issue affecting other hydrogels-based ionic conductors. Furthermore, the SPE-TENG has been found to sustain high voltage output under large stretch, demonstrating robust energy harvesting even when the device undergoes large mechanical deformation. The potential of the newly developed SPE-TENG in harvesting biomechanical motion energy of human body is demonstrated for powering wearable electronics without external power supply. The stretchable SPE-TENG shows excellent energy harvesting capability and overcomes the liquid evaporation induced performance degradation in ion conducting hydrogels, suggesting very promising practical applications in stretchable energy harvesters and self-powered stretchable sensors.

迫切需要佩戴舒适的可拉伸能量收集源来为下一代可穿戴电子设备和物联网 (IoT) 设备供电。在此，我们首次提出了一种采用固体聚合物电解质（SPE）作为可拉伸透明电极的新型摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）。SPE 的使用赋予 TENG 高拉伸性、极好的透明度、环境稳定性和增强的电输出。通过将磷酸 (H ₃ PO ₄ ) 与生物相容性聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 结合，由于 H ₃ PO ₄的双重功能，所得 SPE 可实现 1058% 的拉伸性和 1.39 S m ^{-1 的}离子电导率作为增塑剂和离子导电电荷载体。离子导电SPE和电子导电碳带之间形成双电层（EDL）极大地提高了电输出，并产生了992 V的高开路电压、44.8 μA的短路电流和26的功率密度W·m ^-2. 实验和理论研究表明，EDL 对 TENG 输出的增强作用与双层的表面积成正比，因此与 SPE-TENG 的电容成正比。更重要的是，SPE-TENG 在环境条件下表现出长期稳定的性能，因为它没有影响其他基于水凝胶的离子导体的脱水问题。此外，已发现 SPE-TENG 可在大拉伸下维持高电压输出，即使在设备经历大机械变形时也能表现出稳健的能量收集。新开发的 SPE-TENG 在收集人体生物力学运动能量方面的潜力被证明可以在没有外部电源的情况下为可穿戴电子设备供电。