High-performance OSCs prepared by scalable techniques without additives are highly desirable because residual additives may cause gradual deterioration of the photoactive-layer morphology and device performance. Printing flows with high shear rate have the potential to replace additives by inducing higher degree of ordered stacking and crystallinity of organic molecules, as well as favorable phase separation. Here, PTQ10:Y6 organic solar cells (OSCs) without any additives were fabricated by a scalable and robust processing approach termed as soft porous blade printing (SPBP). The fluid flow and drying process of the wet films made by SPBP, blade coating and spin coating are visualized by high speed imaging, which reveals that the blade coating and SPBP introduce unidirectional flow while the wet film interference pattern of spin coating is irregular and random. The simplified flow model of SPBP suggests that the shear rate could be as high as ~1000 s⁻¹. The additive-free SPBP produces photoactive-layer with adequate morphology, which could be attributed to three intrinsic properties of SPBP: very high shear rate, flow assisted crystallizations induced by microstructures of the soft porous blade, and numerous nucleation sites generated as the liquid contact line follows the motion of the blade. The additive-free SPBP device demonstrates weaker charge recombination, higher and more balanced charge transport, and consequently better device performance than the spin-coated and blade-coated devices with 0.25 vol% 1,8-diioctane (DIO). SPBP achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.45%, which is higher than those of spin-coated and blade-coated counterparts doped with DIO.

通过无添加剂的可扩展技术制备的高性能 OSC 是非常理想的，因为残留的添加剂可能会导致光活性层形态和器件性能逐渐恶化。具有高剪切速率的印刷流有可能通过诱导更高程度的有机分子的有序堆叠和结晶度以及有利的相分离来替代添加剂。在这里，没有任何添加剂的 PTQ10:Y6 有机太阳能电池 (OSC) 是通过称为软多孔刀片印刷 (SPBP) 的可扩展且稳健的加工方法制造的。SPBP、刮涂和旋涂制成的湿膜的流体流动和干燥过程通过高速成像可视化，这表明刮刀涂层和 SPBP 引入了单向流动，而旋涂的湿膜干涉图案是不规则和随机的。SPBP 的简化流动模型表明剪切速率可高达 ~1000 s^-1。无添加剂的 SPBP 产生了具有足够形态的光敏层，这可归因于 SPBP 的三个固有特性：非常高的剪切速率、由软多孔叶片的微观结构引起的流动辅助结晶以及在液体接触时产生的大量成核位点线跟随刀片的运动。与使用 0.25 vol% 1,8-二辛烷 (DIO) 的旋涂和刮涂设备相比，无添加剂的 SPBP 器件表现出更弱的电荷复合、更高和更平衡的电荷传输，因此具有更好的器件性能。SPBP 实现了 16.45% 的功率转换效率 (PCE)，高于掺杂 DIO 的旋涂和刮涂对应物。