In this work, in order to ameliorate the hydrophobic property and adsorption capacity of nanocellulose (NC) aerogel, the nanochitosan (NCS) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been introduced into the NC aerogel to construct the NC/NCS/rGO nanocomposite aerogel by a hydrothermal method combined with freeze-drying method. The optimal conditions including the effect of NC and NCS weight percentages for preparation of NC/NCS/rGO nanocomposite aerogel with good porous microstructures and excellent adsorption capacities have been evaluated. The results demonstrate that the NC/NCS/rGO nanocomposite aerogel produced under the fabrication condition of 0.1 wt% NCS and 0.05 wt% NC exhibits a very low density of 9.3 mg cm⁻³, a high hydrophobicity with a large water contact angle (115.26°) and the high adsorption capacities of 171.85 ± 3.02, 159.64 ± 1.83, 153.22 ± 2.92, 149.60 ± 6.26, 139.93 ± 3.69, 132.47 ± 3.45, 176.82 ± 4.66, 128.70 ± 0.69, and 120.34 ± 5.57 g g⁻¹ to mineral oil, sesame oil, acetone, ethyl acetate, thiophene, pump oil, waste pump oil, kerosene, and ethyl alcohol, respectively. In addition, this aerogel adsorbent could efficiently and continuously remove/collect the oil from wastewater confirmed by a designed oil/water pump apparatus. As a consequence, this NC/NCS/rGO nanocomposite aerogel has a potential application in the oil and organic solvent adsorption.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

---

纳米纤维素纳米复合气凝胶高效吸附油和有机溶剂

在这项工作中，为了改善纳米纤维素 (NC) 气凝胶的疏水性和吸附能力，将纳米壳聚糖 (NCS) 和还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO) 引入 NC 气凝胶中构建 NC/NCS/rGO 纳米复合气凝胶采用水热法结合冷冻干燥法。已经评估了包括 NC 和 NCS 重量百分比对制备具有良好多孔微结构和优异吸附能力的 NC/NCS/rGO 纳米复合气凝胶的影响的最佳条件。结果表明，在 0.1 wt% NCS 和 0.05 wt% NC 的制备条件下生产的 NC/NCS/rGO 纳米复合气凝胶表现出 9.3 mg cm ^-3的非常低的密度, 高疏水性, 大水接触角 (115.26°) 和高吸附容量 171.85 ± 3.02, 159.64 ± 1.83, 153.22 ± 2.92, 149.60 ± 6.26, 139.93 ± 3.76 ± 3.64, 6 ± 3.64, 6 ± 6 0.69 和 120.34 ± 5.57 gg ^{-1 分别}为矿物油、芝麻油、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、噻吩、泵油、废泵油、煤油和乙醇。此外，这种气凝胶吸附剂可以有效且连续地从废水中去除/收集油，经设计的油/水泵装置证实。因此，这种 NC/NCS/rGO 纳米复合气凝胶在油和有机溶剂的吸附中具有潜在的应用价值。

图形概要