围绕 GJ 9827 运行的三个超级地球的质量和半径，以及对小型系外行星组成的影响,Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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围绕 GJ 9827 运行的三个超级地球的质量和半径，以及对小型系外行星组成的影响
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-12 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz130
K Rice _{1,

2} , L Malavolta _{3,

4} , A Mayo ₅ , A Mortier _{6,

7} , L A Buchhave ₈ , L Affer ₉ , A Vanderburg _{1,

10,

11} , M Lopez-Morales ₁₁ , E Poretti _{12,

13} , L Zeng ₁₄ , A C Cameron ₇ , M Damasso ₁₅ , A Coffinet ₁₆ , D W Latham ₁₁ , A S Bonomo ₁₅ , F Bouchy ₁₆ , D Charbonneau ₁₁ , X Dumusque ₁₆ , P Figueira _{17,

18} , A F Martinez Fiorenzano ₁₂ , R D Haywood ₁₁ , J Asher Johnson ₁₁ , E Lopez _{19,

20} , C Lovis ₁₆ , M Mayor ₁₆ , G Micela ₉ , E Molinari _{12,

21} , V Nascimbeni _{3,

4} , C Nava ₁₁ , F Pepe ₁₆ , D F Phillips ₁₁ , G Piotto _{3,

4} , D Sasselov ₁₁ , D Ségransan ₁₆ , A Sozzetti ₁₅ , S Udry ₁₆ , C Watson ₂₂

Affiliation

SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH93HJ, UK
Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93FD, UK
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’, Universita’di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Astrophysics group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY169SS, UK
DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy
Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
INAF – Fundación Galileo Galilei, Rambla José Ana Fernandez Pérez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja, Spain
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, 51 ch. des Maillettes, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland
European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
GSFC Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
INAF – Osservatorio di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius, CA, Italy
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK

超级地球属于一类在太阳系中没有发现但在银河系中很常见的行星。鉴于一些超级地球是岩石，而另一些则保留了大量的大气层，他们的研究可以提供有关岩石行星和气态行星形成的线索，特别是它们可以帮助限制光蒸发在雕刻中的作用系外行星人口。GJ 9827 是一个已知的系统，它拥有 3 个轨道周期为 1.2、3.6 和 6.2 天的超级地球。在这里，我们使用新的 HARPS-N 径向速度测量值，以及之前公布的径向速度，以更好地约束 GJ 9827 行星的特性。我们的分析不能对 GJ 9827 c 的质量施加强约束，但确实表明 GJ 9827 b 是岩石，其成分可能与地球相似，而 GJ 9827 d 几乎可以肯定地保留了一个易失性信封。因此，GJ 9827 在半径差距的两侧都有行星，这似乎将超级地球分为半径低于 $\sim 1.5 R_\oplus$ 的主要是岩石的行星，以及仍然保留大量大气和/或易失性成分，半径大于 $\sim 2 R_\oplus$。这 3 颗行星中受辐射较少的行星仍然保留着大气层，这可能表明光蒸发在该系统中行星的演化中发挥了关键作用。并且半径大于 $\sim 2 R_\oplus$。3 颗行星中受辐射较少的行星仍保留有大气层，这可能表明光蒸发在该系统中行星的演化中发挥了关键作用。并且半径大于 $\sim 2 R_\oplus$。这 3 颗行星中受辐射较少的行星仍然保留着大气层，这可能表明光蒸发在该系统中行星的演化中发挥了关键作用。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Masses and radii for the three super-Earths orbiting GJ 9827, and implications for the composition of small exoplanets

Super-Earths belong to a class of planet not found in the Solar System, but which appear common in the Galaxy. Given that some super-Earths are rocky, while others retain substantial atmospheres, their study can provide clues as to the formation of both rocky planets and gaseous planets, and - in particular - they can help to constrain the role of photo-evaporation in sculpting the exoplanet population. GJ 9827 is a system already known to host 3 super-Earths with orbital periods of 1.2, 3.6 and 6.2 days. Here we use new HARPS-N radial velocity measurements, together with previously published radial velocities, to better constrain the properties of the GJ 9827 planets. Our analysis can't place a strong constraint on the mass of GJ 9827 c, but does indicate that GJ 9827 b is rocky with a composition that is probably similar to that of the Earth, while GJ 9827 d almost certainly retains a volatile envelope. Therefore, GJ 9827 hosts planets on either side of the radius gap that appears to divide super-Earths into pre-dominantly rocky ones that have radii below $\sim 1.5 R_\oplus$, and ones that still retain a substantial atmosphere and/or volatile components, and have radii above $\sim 2 R_\oplus$. That the less heavily irradiated of the 3 planets still retains an atmosphere, may indicate that photoevaporation has played a key role in the evolution of the planets in this system.

更新日期：2019-01-12

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