The gut microbiota exists throughout the full life cycle of the human body, and it has been proven to have extensive impacts on health and disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the interplay between gut microbiota and host epigenetics plays a multifaceted role in health maintenance and disease prevention. Intestinal microflora, along with their metabolites, could regulate multiple epigenetic pathways; e.g., DNA methylation, miRNA, or histone modification. Moreover, epigenetic factors can serve as mediators to coordinate gut microbiota within the host. Aiming to dissect this interplay mechanism, the present review summarizes the research profile of gut microbiota and epigenetics in detail, and further interprets the biofunctions of this interplay, especially the regulation of intestinal inflammation, the improvement of metabolic disturbances, and the inhibition of colitis events. This review provides new insights into the interplay of epigenetics and gut microbiota, and attempts to reveal the mysteries of health maintenance and disease prevention from this new perspective.

中文翻译：

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剖析表观遗传学与肠道微生物群的相互作用机制：健康维护与疾病预防

肠道微生物群存在于人体的整个生命周期中，并且已被证明对健康和疾病具有广泛的影响。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群和宿主表观遗传学之间的相互作用在健康维护和疾病预防中发挥着多方面的作用。肠道微生物群及其代谢物可以调节多种表观遗传途径；例如，DNA 甲基化、miRNA 或组蛋白修饰。此外，表观遗传因素可以作为协调宿主内肠道微生物群的介质。为了剖析这种相互作用的机制，本综述详细总结了肠道微生物群和表观遗传学的研究概况，并进一步解释了这种相互作用的生物功能，特别是肠道炎症的调节，改善代谢紊乱，抑制结肠炎事件。这篇综述提供了对表观遗传学和肠道微生物群相互作用的新见解，并试图从这个新角度揭示健康维护和疾病预防的奥秘。