Phytolaccoside B (1), an antifungal monodesmoside triterpenoid glycoside isolated from berries of Phytolacca tetramera Hauman (Phytolaccaceae), alters the morphology of yeasts and molds. The malformations were similar to those produced by enfumafungin, a known inhibitor of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, one of the major polymers of the fungal cell wall. However, enzymatic assays revealed that 1 did not inhibit (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan synthase, but it did produce a notable enhancement of the chitin synthase 1 activity and, concomitantly, a rise in chitin, another important polymer of the fungal cell walls. This finding was corroborated by fluorescence microscopy and also by quantification of the chitin. In addition, a 2-fold increase in the thickness of the fungal cell wall was observed with transmission electronic microscopy. On the other hand, 1 neither bound to ergosterol nor caused hemolysis of red blood cells, although some fungal membrane damage was observed at the MIC of 1.

中文翻译：

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从四倍体植物Phytolacca tetramera Hauman分离出的抗真菌植物性糖苷B的作用机理的证据。

phytolaccoside B（1）是一种抗真菌的单去糖苷三萜糖苷，它是从Phytolacca tetramera Hauman（Phytolaccaceae）的浆果中分离出来的，可改变酵母和霉菌的形态。畸形类似于恩富玛芬净（已知的（1-> 3）-β-D-葡聚糖合酶抑制剂，一种催化（1-> 3）-β-D-葡聚糖合成的酶）产生的畸形。真菌细胞壁的主要聚合物之一。但是，酶法测定显示1不会抑制（1-> 3）-β-D-葡聚糖合酶，但确实会显着提高几丁质合酶1的活性，并随之增加另一种重要的聚合物几丁质。真菌细胞壁。荧光显微镜和几丁质的定量证实了这一发现。此外，用透射电子显微镜观察到真菌细胞壁厚度增加了2倍。另一方面，尽管在MIC为1时观察到一些真菌膜损伤，但1既不结合麦角固醇也不引起红细胞溶血。