<br>Geomyidae 和 Heteromyidae（啮齿目：Geomyoidea）门牙釉质微结构中挖洞的生物力学适应性,Ecology and Evolution

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Geomyidae 和 Heteromyidae（啮齿目：Geomyoidea）门牙釉质微结构中挖洞的生物力学适应性
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-16 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7765
Daniela C Kalthoff ₁ , Thomas Mörs ₂

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化石和现存的Geomyoidea（Geomyidae，Heteromyidae）下门牙的牙釉质微观结构包含三层或两层schmelzmusters，具有单列、横向Hunter-Schreger带，具有平行和垂直或完全垂直定向的棱柱状基质。从系统发育角度来看，这些 schmelzmusters 被认为是中度（釉质类型 2）到高度衍生（釉质类型 3）。我们的分析检测到靠近牙釉质-牙本质交界处的放射状牙釉质改良区域。改良的放射状釉质在地貌亚纲中显示出强烈的系统发育信号，因为它仅限于化石和现存的地鼠总科，而在 Heliscomyidae、Florentiamyidae 和 Eomyidae 中不存在。这个特征至少可以追溯到渐新世早期（Arikareean早期，29 Ma），它出现在内足地鼠身上。我们认为，这种特殊的门齿牙釉质结构是为了适应常规的穴居活动（包括凿齿挖掘和富含纤维的饮食）而发展起来的，并且可能存在于该进化枝的共同祖先中。我们认为，划痕挖掘的Geomyidae和Heteromyidae的下门牙出现改良的放射状牙釉质是选择性中性的拟形特征的保留。改良径向牙釉质的共同出现是一个强有力的、遗传锚定的论据，证明了Geomyidae和Heteromyidae在牙齿微观结构水平上密切的系统发育关系。

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Biomechanical adaptations for burrowing in the incisor enamel microstructure of Geomyidae and Heteromyidae (Rodentia: Geomyoidea)

The enamel microstructure of fossil and extant Geomyoidea (Geomyidae, Heteromyidae) lower incisors incorporates three- or two-layered schmelzmusters with uniserial, transverse Hunter-Schreger bands having parallel and perpendicular or exclusively perpendicular oriented interprismatic matrix. Phylogenetically, these schmelzmusters are regarded as moderately (enamel type 2) to highly derived (enamel type 3). Our analysis detected a zone of modified radial enamel close to the enamel–dentine junction. Modified radial enamel shows a strong phylogenetic signal within the clade Geomorpha as it is restricted to fossil and extant Geomyoidea and absent in Heliscomyidae, Florentiamyidae, and Eomyidae. This character dates back to at least the early Oligocene (early Arikareean, 29 Ma), where it occurs in entoptychine gophers. We contend that this specialized incisor enamel architecture developed as a biomechanical adaptation to regular burrowing activities including chisel-tooth digging and a fiber-rich diet and was probably present in the common ancestor of the clade. We regard the occurrence of modified radial enamel in lower incisors of scratch-digging Geomyidae and Heteromyidae as the retention of a plesiomorphic character that is selectively neutral. The shared occurrence of modified radial enamel is a strong, genetically anchored argument for the close phylogenetic relationship of Geomyidae and Heteromyidae on the dental microstructure level.

更新日期：2021-07-21

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