This investigation explored the co-fermentation of antibiotic fermentation residue (AFR) and fallen leaves for enhancing biohydrogen production, and analyzed the mechanism from the aspects of microbial activity, microbial community and functional genes. The results showed that the optimal mixing ratio of AFR to leaves was 25:75 (VS basis), which balanced the substrate condition and synergistically enhanced the biohydrogen productivity, and the hydrogen yield was 37.45 mL/g-VS_added, which was 438.8% and 9.2% higher compared to the sole AFR fermentation and the sole leaves fermentation, respectively. The co-fermentation also improved the organics utilization and induced a more effective metabolic pathway. Further microbiology analysis found that the co-fermentation promoted the microbial activity, enriched more hydrogen-producing bacteria (Clostridium sensu stricto 1), and enhanced the expression of hydrogen-producing functional genes (e.g. genes encoding ferredoxin hydrogenase (EC 1.12.7.2) and pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.1)), which were fundamentally responsible for the synergistic biohydrogen fermentation.

本研究探索了抗生素发酵残渣（AFR）与落叶共发酵提高生物制氢的作用，并从微生物活性、微生物群落和功能基因等方面分析了其作用机制。结果表明，AFR与叶片的最佳混合比为25:75（VS基），平衡了底物条件，协同提高了生物产氢能力，产氢量为37.45 mL/g-VS_添加，分别比单独的 AFR 发酵和单独的叶子发酵高 438.8% 和 9.2%。共发酵还提高了有机物的利用率并诱导了更有效的代谢途径。进一步的微生物学分析发现，共发酵促进了微生物活性，富集了更多产氢细菌（Clostridium sensu stricto 1），并增强了产氢功能基因（如铁氧还蛋白氢化酶编码基因（EC 1.12.7.2）和丙酮酸-铁氧还蛋白氧化还原酶（EC 1.2.7.1）），它们是协同生物氢发酵的根本原因。