Hydrogen can be produced in a clean way from water by its electrochemical splitting. Water electrolysis consists of two half-reactions, of which the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the major source of energy loss. In the case of the alkaline water electrolysis, the spectrum of materials that are stable under the conditions of the OER is significantly broader than in the case of an acidic route. This review compares systematically different materials classes based on reported overpotential at current density 10 mA cm⁻². Plethora of studies was gathered to accomplish this task and the OER catalysts reported in the literature to date are summarized. In addition, we have provided an insight into the catalyst activity descriptors allowing theoretical identification of the most active materials. In order to assist the reader in gaining a better understanding of this complex subject, the catalysts are classified into three main groups in agreement with their chemical composition as transition metal oxides, phosphides and selenides. Less frequently used materials are reported in a separate group. Near-neutral or neutral pH conditions are considered as well.

氢气可以通过电化学分解以清洁的方式从水中产生。水电解由两个半反应组成，其中析氧反应（OER）是能量损失的主要来源。在碱性水电解的情况下，在 OER 条件下稳定的材料谱比酸性路线的情况要宽得多。本综述根据报告的电流密度 10 mA cm ^{-2 下的过}电位系统地比较了不同的材料类别. 收集了大量研究来完成这项任务，并总结了迄今为止文献中报道的 OER 催化剂。此外，我们还深入了解了催化剂活性描述符，从而可以从理论上识别最活性的材料。为了帮助读者更好地理解这个复杂的主题，催化剂根据其化学组成分为三大类，即过渡金属氧化物、磷化物和硒化物。不太常用的材料在一个单独的组中报告。近中性或中性 pH 条件也被考虑在内。