Recently, there has been observed huge progress in the advancement of remote optical nanothermometry, as it plays a vital role in remote, noninvasive, and remote temperature sensing, which is especially important for various bio-applications, e.g., in theranostics and photodynamic therapy. This is because the luminescence thermometry technique can accurately identify the temperature distribution in the molecular objectives or the biological body. Especially, the use of temperature-induced change in the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) of two thermally coupled emission bands of lanthanide (Ln³⁺) ions, embedded in some inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), allows temperature representing of a single living cell. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the concept of luminescence optical thermometry, photophysical properties of Ln³⁺ ions, synthesis process, and various hosts doped with different Ln³⁺ ions, in which they act as either sensitizers or activators. Selecting a proper host matrix is an efficient route to achieve the high performance of optical nanothermometers since it takes an important role in determining the luminescent efficiency. Initially, we defined and compared various classes of optical thermometers based on diverse spectroscopic parameters, such as emission intensity, band intensity ratio, bandwidth, band shape, polarization, spectral shift, and luminescence lifetime. Furthermore, we emphasized the most common approach for temperature monitoring, which is based on the thermally coupled levels (TCLs) of Ln³⁺ ions, by exploiting the LIR technique, since it can provide a fast response with high accuracy, precision, and resolution. Additionally, this review also discusses the recent progress in diverse strategies to boost thermometric performances, such as changing dopants and utilizing various energy transfer mechanisms. Ultimately, we summed up the recent research achievements through analyzing the current research strategies, discussing future guidelines, as well as exploring the major difficulties for further advancement in the area.

最近，远程光学纳米测温技术取得了巨大进展，因为它在远程、无创和远程温度传感中发挥着至关重要的作用，这对于各种生物应用（例如，治疗诊断学和光动力治疗）尤其重要。这是因为发光测温技术可以准确识别分子目标或生物体内的温度分布。特别是，利用温度引起的镧系元素 (Ln ³⁺ ) 两个热耦合发射带的发光强度比 (LIR) 变化) 离子嵌入一些无机纳米粒子 (NPs)，允许代表单个活细胞的温度。在这篇综述中，我们全面总结了发光光学测温的概念、Ln ³⁺离子的光物理性质、合成过程以及掺杂不同Ln ^{3+ 的}各种主体。离子，其中它们充当敏化剂或活化剂。选择合适的基质是实现光学纳米温度计高性能的有效途径，因为它在确定发光效率方面起着重要作用。最初，我们根据不同的光谱参数（例如发射强度、带强度比、带宽、带形状、偏振、光谱偏移和发光寿命）定义和比较了各种类型的光学温度计。此外，我们强调了最常用的温度监测方法，该方法基于 Ln ³⁺的热耦合水平 (TCL)离子，通过利用 LIR 技术，因为它可以提供具有高精度、精度和分辨率的快速响应。此外，本综述还讨论了提高测温性能的各种策略的最新进展，例如改变掺杂剂和利用各种能量转移机制。最后，我们通过分析当前的研究策略，讨论未来的指导方针，以及探索该领域进一步发展的主要困难，总结了近期的研究成果。