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Working Mechanisms and Design Principles of Comb-like Polycarboxylate Ether Superplasticizers in Cement Hydration: Quantitative Insights for a Series of Well-Defined Copolymers
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-29 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08566
Ali Javadi 1 , Tariq Jamil 2, 3 , Ebrahim Abouzari-Lotf 4, 5 , Mark D. Soucek 1 , Hendrik Heinz 2
Affiliation  

Cement and concrete are the most widely used building materials and contain comb copolymers such as polycarboxylate ethers (PCEs) as hydration and setting modifiers. The working mechanisms of these additives in cement hydration have remained uncertain, which limits the rational design of additives and of new cement materials with lower CO2 footprint. We identified quantitative correlations between PCE copolymer structure, adsorption, and cement setting properties for a series of copolymer structures and concentrations, combined with insights into conformations and adsorption mechanisms by atomistic simulations. The PCE copolymers have only a small fraction of polydispersity compared to earlier studies, and molecular dynamics simulations utilize Interface force field models for C-S-H phases that enable order-of-magnitude more accurate insights into the dynamics of the nanoscale polymer interfaces compared to earlier models. Two distinct sets of property correlations were discovered. (1) The carboxylate content of the PCEs, i.e., the molar density of ionic side groups per unit mass, correlates with the adsorbed amount of polycarboxylate ethers onto cement pastes, the conductivity of the cement paste, and the retardation of the acceleration period of cement hydration. (2) The combination of the ionic character of the polymer backbone and the length of non-ionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains correlates with the water-to-cement ratio necessary for processing, zeta potentials, and fluidity of the cement pastes in mini slump tests. Simulations indicate that PCE adsorption onto cement particles involves migration of calcium ions in the acrylate backbone onto the calcium silicate hydrate surface, or calcium hydroxide surfaces, followed by ion pairing of the anionic polymer backbone with the positively charged mineral surface. PEG side chains exhibit no affinity to the mineral surface. The best fluidity and water reduction are achieved using an optimum ratio of the volume of PEG side chains to the volume of the anionic backbone, balancing sufficient surface bonding through the ionic backbone and minimization of interparticle forces by the non-ionic PEG side chains. A charge density too low prevents effective adsorption, and a charge density too high leads to multilayer deposition and ionic agglomeration forces between coated particles that reduce the fluidity and increase the necessary water-to-cement ratio. The proposed mechanism supersedes prior models and provides quantitative metrics for the rational design of polymer additives for cement and related particle dispersions.

中文翻译:

水泥水化中梳状聚羧酸醚减水剂的工作机理和设计原理:一系列定义明确的共聚物的定量见解

水泥和混凝土是使用最广泛的建筑材料,它们含有梳状共聚物,如聚羧酸醚 (PCE) 作为水合和凝固改性剂。这些外加剂在水泥水化中的作用机理尚不明确,限制了外加剂和低CO 2新型水泥材料的合理设计。脚印。我们确定了一系列共聚物结构和浓度的 PCE 共聚物结构、吸附和水泥凝固特性之间的定量相关性,并结合原子模拟对构象和吸附机制的深入了解。与早期研究相比,PCE 共聚物的多分散性只有一小部分,分子动力学模拟利用 CSH 相的界面力场模型,与早期模型相比,可以更准确地了解纳米级聚合物界面的动力学。发现了两组不同的属性相关性。(1) PCEs的羧酸盐含量,即每单位质量离子侧基的摩尔密度,与聚羧酸醚在水泥浆上的吸附量有关,水泥浆体的导电性,延缓水泥水化加速期。(2) 聚合物主链的离子特性和非离子聚乙二醇 (PEG) 侧链长度的组合与加工所需的水灰比、zeta 电位和水泥浆体的流动性相关。小型坍落度测试。模拟表明,水泥颗粒上的 PCE 吸附涉及丙烯酸酯主链中的钙离子迁移到硅酸钙水合物表面或氢氧化钙表面,然后阴离子聚合物主链与带正电荷的矿物表面进行离子配对。PEG 侧链对矿物表面没有亲和力。使用 PEG 侧链的体积与阴离子主链的体积的最佳比例、平衡通过离子主链的足够表面键合和非离子 PEG 侧链最小化粒子间力,可实现最佳流动性和减水效果。电荷密度太低会阻碍有效吸附,而电荷密度太高会导致涂层颗粒之间的多层沉积和离子聚集力,从而降低流动性并增加必要的水灰比。所提出的机制取代了先前的模型,并为用于水泥和相关颗粒分散体的聚合物添加剂的合理设计提供了定量指标。通过离子骨架平衡足够的表面键合和通过非离子 PEG 侧链最小化粒子间力。电荷密度太低会阻碍有效吸附,而电荷密度太高会导致涂层颗粒之间的多层沉积和离子聚集力,从而降低流动性并增加必要的水灰比。所提出的机制取代了先前的模型,并为用于水泥和相关颗粒分散体的聚合物添加剂的合理设计提供了定量指标。通过离子骨架平衡足够的表面键合和通过非离子 PEG 侧链最小化粒子间力。电荷密度太低会阻碍有效吸附,而电荷密度太高会导致涂层颗粒之间的多层沉积和离子聚集力,从而降低流动性并增加必要的水灰比。所提出的机制取代了先前的模型,并为用于水泥和相关颗粒分散体的聚合物添加剂的合理设计提供了定量指标。
更新日期:2021-06-28
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