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Light-Induced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of Charge Transport in Fullerene and Nonfullerene PBDB-T-Based Solar Cells
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-25 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c03427
Victor I. Krinichnyi 1 , Evgeniya I. Yudanova 1 , Nikolay N. Denisov 1 , Aleksei A. Konkin 2, 3 , Uwe Ritter 2 , Victor R. Bogatyrenko 1 , Alexander L. Konkin 2
Affiliation  

We present a combined light-induced electron paramagnetic resonance (LEPR) study of photoinitiation, relaxation, and recombination of charge carriers initiated by achromatic/white (with a color temperature of 5000 K) and monochromatic (with a photon energy of 1.34–3.41 eV) light in PBDB-T-based photovoltaic systems with PC61BM, PC71BM, and ITIC-M counterions. Charge carriers, polarons on polymer chains, and respective radical anions excited in disordered composite matrixes first fill spin traps, the number, energy depth, and spatial distribution of which are determined by the structure and crystallinity of bulk heterojunctions. By deconvolution of the effective LEPR spectra, the contributions of immobilized and mobile charge carriers, as well as their main magnetic resonance parameters, were determined separately at a wide variety of experimental conditions. The interaction of spins occupying different energy levels in the bandgap of a polymer semiconductor provokes the extreme photon energy sensitivity of the spin-assisted processes carried out in the polymer composites. The density functional theory calculations of the millimeter-waveband LEPR spectrum allowed the conclusion that polarons photoinitiated in the PBDB-T backbone are delocalized over its 4–5 monomers. Side π–π-stack packaging and S-isomerization of electron acceptors were also found. Predominant nongeminate recombination of charge carriers follows multistep trapping–detrapping spin hopping between sites of polymer layers and is strongly governed by the number, energy depth, and spatial distribution of spin traps. It was shown that all spin-involving processes in composites are spin-assisted and, therefore, are determined by the main magnetic resonance properties of both the spin charge carriers. The stability of charge carriers in a polymer-based composite was demonstrated to increase by more than an order of magnitude in the series of radical anions PC61BM–• → ITIC-M–• → PC71BM–•. A further improvement in the functionality of the composite occurs at its slight 2,5-diphenyloxazole modification. The use of low-dimensional ITIC-M instead of PCBM and/or PPO with extended π-system significantly increases the exchange interaction between the spin charge carriers situated on the adjacent layers of the composite. This blocks intrachain charge diffusion but accelerates its interlayer hopping in the polymer matrix, which increases the efficiency and functionality of the composite.

中文翻译:

基于富勒烯和非富勒烯 PBDB-T 太阳能电池中电荷传输的光诱导电子顺磁共振研究

我们提出了由消色差/白色(色温为 5000 K)和单色(光子能量为 1.34–3.41 eV)引发的电荷载流子的光引发、弛豫和复合的组合光诱导电子顺磁共振 (LEPR) 研究) 使用 PC 61 BM、PC 71的基于 PBDB-T 的光伏系统中的光BM 和 ITIC-M 反离子。电荷载流子、聚合物链上的极化子和在无序复合基质中激发的各个自由基阴离子首先填充自旋陷阱,其数量、能量深度和空间分布由本体异质结的结构和结晶度决定。通过对有效 LEPR 光谱的去卷积,在各种实验条件下分别确定固定和移动电荷载流子的贡献,以及它们的主要磁共振参数。在聚合物半导体的带隙中占据不同能级的自旋相互作用引发了在聚合物复合材料中进行的自旋辅助过程的极端光子能量敏感性。毫米波段 LEPR 光谱的密度泛函理论计算得出的结论是,PBDB-T 骨架中光引发的极化子在其 4-5 个单体上离域。侧面 π–π 堆叠封装和还发现了电子受体的S-异构化。载流子的主要非成对复合遵循聚合物层位点之间的多步俘获-解俘自旋跳跃,并受自旋陷阱的数量、能量深度和空间分布的强烈控制。结果表明,复合材料中的所有自旋过程都是自旋辅助的,因此由两个自旋电荷载流子的主要磁共振特性决定。聚合物基复合材料中电荷载流子的稳定性被证明在一系列自由基阴离子 PC 61 BM –• → ITIC-M –• → PC 71 BM –• 中增加了一个数量级以上. 复合材料功能的进一步改进在于其轻微的 2,5-二苯基恶唑改性。使用低维 ITIC-M 代替 PCBM 和/或具有扩展 π 系统的 PPO 显着增加了位于复合材料相邻层上的自旋电荷载流子之间的交换相互作用。这会阻止链内电荷扩散,但会加速其在聚合物基质中的层间跳跃,从而提高复合材料的效率和功能。
更新日期:2021-06-10
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