Single atoms loaded on two-dimensional materials (SA@2DMs) have been broadly explored recently in the field of catalysis. Compared with conventional supports, 2D materials with large surface areas, unique geometric structure, and electronic properties can boost the catalytic performances of anchored single noble atoms (SNAs). Meanwhile, the monodispersed atoms not only show much higher atom utilization, than their bulk or nanoparticle counterparts, but also provide an alternative reaction pathway with excellent activity and selectivity. However, the combination of a 2D material with single atoms still comes across some challenges, such as low mass loading, difficulty in anchoring the single atoms on the 2D substrates, and difficulty in mass production. In this review, single noble-metal atoms based on two-dimensional materials (SNA@2DM) are critically discussed. First, SNA@2DMs are generally introduced, including their definition, characterization, and their importance and advantages in catalysis. Then, the recent progress in using the SNA@2DMs for the photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermocatalytic reactions is thoroughly reviewed and critically discussed. The superiority and the disadvantages of SNA@2DMs in each catalytic reaction are also considered. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in the synthesis and applications of SNA@2DM are clearly highlighted.

加载在二维材料（SA@2DMs）上的单原子最近在催化领域得到了广泛的探索。与传统载体相比，具有大表面积、独特几何结构和电子特性的二维材料可以提高锚定单贵原子（SNA）的催化性能。同时，单分散的原子不仅比它们的本体或纳米粒子表现出更高的原子利用率，而且还提供了具有优异活性和选择性的替代反应途径。然而，二维材料与单原子的结合仍面临一些挑战，例如质量负载低、难以将单个原子锚定在二维基板上以及难以大规模生产。在这次审查中，批判性地讨论了基于二维材料（SNA@2DM）的单个贵金属原子。首先，一般介绍SNA@2DMs，包括它们的定义、表征以及它们在催化方面的重要性和优势。然后，全面回顾和批判性讨论了使用 SNA@2DMs 进行光催化、电催化和热催化反应的最新进展。还考虑了 SNA@2DMs 在每个催化反应中的优缺点。最后，明确强调了当前 SNA@2DM 合成和应用中的挑战和机遇。电催化和热催化反应进行了彻底审查和批判性讨论。还考虑了 SNA@2DMs 在每个催化反应中的优缺点。最后，明确强调了当前 SNA@2DM 合成和应用中的挑战和机遇。电催化和热催化反应进行了彻底审查和批判性讨论。还考虑了 SNA@2DMs 在每个催化反应中的优缺点。最后，明确强调了当前 SNA@2DM 合成和应用中的挑战和机遇。