A series of 5-amino-1-N-substituted-imidazole-4-carboxylate building blocks was synthesized and assayed for their antiproliferative potential against human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical), HT-29, HCT-15 (colon), A549 (lung), and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cells. The preliminary screening results revealed that several derivatives containing alkyl chains at the N-1 position of the imidazole core demonstrate a certain inhibitory effect on growth and proliferation. A significant effect was observed following ethyl 5-amino-1-dodecyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (5e) treatment for 72 h. The IC₅₀ value for HeLa cells was 0.737 ± 0.05 μM, whereas that for HT-29 cells was 1.194 ± 0.02 μM. Further investigations revealed that 5e significantly inhibited tumor cell colony formation and migration, and it exhibited antiadhesive effects on HeLa cells as well as antitubulin activity along with the induction of early apoptosis of HeLa and HT-29 cells. In addition, derivative 5e significantly reduced the cell mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner and induced early apoptosis of HeLa and HT-29 cells, indicating that 5e may serve as a lead compound for further drug discovery and development.

中文翻译：

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5-氨基-1-N-取代咪唑-4-羧酸乙酯结构单元的合成及抗癌活性

合成了一系列 5-氨基-1- N-取代-咪唑-4-羧酸盐结构单元，并测定了它们对人类癌细胞系的抗增殖潜力，包括 HeLa（宫颈）、HT-29、HCT-15（结肠） 、A549（肺）和 MDA-MB-231（乳腺）细胞。初步筛选结果表明，几种在咪唑核的N-1位含有烷基链的衍生物对生长和增殖具有一定的抑制作用。在 5-氨基-1-十二烷基-1 H-咪唑-4-羧酸乙酯 ( 5e ) 处理 72 小时后观察到显着效果。HeLa 细胞的 IC ₅₀值为 0.737 ± 0.05 μM，而 HT-29 细胞的 IC 50 值为 1.194 ± 0.02 μM。进一步调查显示，5e显着抑制肿瘤细胞集落形成和迁移，并表现出对 HeLa 细胞的抗粘附作用以及抗微管蛋白活性以及诱导 HeLa 和 HT-29 细胞的早期凋亡。此外，衍生物5e以剂量依赖性方式显着降低细胞线粒体膜电位并诱导HeLa和HT-29细胞的早期凋亡，表明5e可作为进一步药物发现和开发的先导化合物。