Biochar is an emerging, cost-effective, and renewable carbonaceous material with abundant functional groups and tuneable mesoporous structure, showing a promising performance in fertility improvement, nutrient retention, microbial activity enhancement, and contaminant immobilization, etc. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from biochar, which can be readily mobilized during soil application, is a key component for the soil matrix, microbial community, and the fate of contaminants. Comprehensive assessments of both positive and negative effects of biochar-derived DOM present critical environmental implications. This paper is the first of its kind to critically review the compositions and structures of biochar-derived DOM as well as its multiple roles in soil application. The effects of biochar-derived DOM on stabilization or migration/mobilization of contaminants/nutrients, as well as stimulation or inhibition of microbial activity and plant growth, depend on the nature of biochar-derived DOM, pollutant properties, soil characteristics, and environmental conditions including weather and hydrological conditions. The long-term stability of biochar-derived DOM is vital during soil application and involves various interactions such as physical disintegration, infiltration, sorption, and biotic/abiotic oxidation. Further studies of biochar-derived DOM are necessary for us to understand the fate of DOM and minimize the ecological and environmental risks (e.g., toxicity, competitive sorption, blockage effect, and solubilization) of biochar application.

生物炭是一种新兴的，具有成本效益的，可再生的含碳物质，具有丰富的官能团和可调节的介孔结构，在提高生育力，营养物质保留，提高微生物活性和固定污染物等方面显示出令人鼓舞的性能。来自生物炭的溶解有机物（DOM）在土壤施用过程中很容易被移动，是土壤基质，微生物群落和污染物命运的关键组成部分。对源自生物炭的DOM的正面和负面影响的综合评估提出了关键的环境影响。本文是同类文章中的第一篇，主要综述了生物炭衍生的DOM的组成和结构及其在土壤应用中的多种作用。生物炭来源的DOM对污染物/营养物的稳定或迁移/迁移以及刺激或抑制微生物活性和植物生长的影响取决于生物炭来源的DOM的性质，污染物特性，土壤特性和环境条件包括天气和水文状况。生物炭衍生的DOM的长期稳定性在土壤应用过程中至关重要，并且涉及各种相互作用，例如物理崩解，渗透，吸附和生物/非生物氧化。为了了解DOM的命运并最大程度地降低生态和环境风险，有必要对生物炭衍生的DOM进行进一步研究（例如，生物炭的毒性，竞争性吸附，阻滞作用和增溶作用）。