Environmental Science and Pollution Research Pub Date : 2021-05-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14486-1 Shaofeng Wu 1 , Gaolong Zhong 1 , Fang Wan 1 , Xuanxuan Jiang 1 , Zhaoxin Tang 1 , Ting Hu 1 , Gan Rao 1 , Juan Lan 1 , Riaz Hussain 2 , Lixuan Tang 1 , Hui Zhang 1 , Riming Huang 1 , Lianmei Hu 1
|
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) and antimony (Sb) are well-known ubiquitous environmental contaminants and cause unpromising male reproductive effects in target and non-target exposed organisms. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ATO or/and Sb on process of autophagy, apoptosis, and reproductive organ in adult mice. For this reason, a total of 32 adult mice were randomly divided into different groups like control group, ATO-treated group, Sb-treated group, and combined group. The duration of current experimental trial was 2 months. Various adverse effects of ATO or/and Sb on sperm parameters, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were determined in testis of mice. Results indicated that parameters of sperm quality for organ coefficient, sperm count, ratio of sperm survival, testosterone level, and germ cells were significantly decreased, while malformation rate and vacuolization significantly increased in mice exposed to different treatments. Furthermore, the status of antioxidant index of T-AOC, SOD, and MsrB1 levels was reduced, while MDA increased significantly in ATO + Sb group. Results on TEM investigation determined that the autophagosomes, autolysosome, nuclear pyknosis, and chromatin condensation were prominent ailments, and the levels of autophagy and pro-apoptosis indictors including Beclin1, Atg-5, LC3B/LC3A, caspase-8, cytc, cleaved caspase-3, p53, and Bax were up-regulated in treated group, while the content of an anti-apoptosis maker (Bcl-2) was down-regulated. In conclusion, the results of our experiment suggested that abnormal process of autophagy and apoptosis was triggered by arsenic and antimony, and intensity of toxic effects increased in combined treatments of ATO and Sb.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
三氧化二砷或/和锑对成年小鼠睾丸自噬和凋亡的毒性作用评价
三氧化二砷 (ATO) 和锑 (Sb) 是众所周知的普遍存在的环境污染物，会对目标和非目标暴露生物体造成不利的雄性生殖影响。本研究的主要目的是探讨ATO或/和Sb对成年小鼠自噬、凋亡和生殖器官过程的影响。为此，总共32只成年小鼠被随机分为不同组，如对照组、ATO治疗组、Sb治疗组和联合组。目前的实验试验持续时间为2个月。在小鼠睾丸中测定了 ATO 或/和 Sb 对精子参数、氧化应激、自噬和细胞凋亡的各种不利影响。结果表明，不同处理组小鼠的精子质量参数，如器官系数、精子数量、精子存活率、睾酮水平和生殖细胞显着降低，而畸形率和空泡化显着增加。此外，ATO+Sb组的抗氧化指标T-AOC、SOD和MsrB1水平降低，而MDA显着升高。 TEM检查结果表明，自噬体、自溶酶体、核固缩和染色质浓缩是突出的疾病，自噬和促凋亡指标包括Beclin1、Atg-5、LC3B/LC3A、caspase-8、cytc、cleaved caspase的水平-3、p53和Bax在治疗组中上调，而抗凋亡标志物(Bcl-2)的含量下调。总之，我们的实验结果表明，砷和锑引发了自噬和细胞凋亡的异常过程，并且ATO和Sb联合治疗的毒性作用强度增加。
京公网安备 11010802027423号