Mismanagement of Plastic Waste through Open Burning with Emphasis on the Global South: A Systematic Review of Risks to Occupational and Public Health,Environmental Science & Technology

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Mismanagement of Plastic Waste through Open Burning with Emphasis on the Global South: A Systematic Review of Risks to Occupational and Public Health
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-18 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08536
Costas A Velis ₁ , Ed Cook ₁

Affiliation

Large quantities of mismanaged plastic waste threaten the health and wellbeing of billions worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where waste management capacity is being outstripped by increasing levels of consumption and plastic waste generation. One of the main self-management strategies adopted by 2 billion people who have no waste collection service, is to burn their discarded plastic in open, uncontrolled fires. While this strategy provides many benefits, including mass and volume reduction, it is a form of plastic pollution that results in the release of chemical substances and particles that may pose serious risks to public health and the environment. We followed adapted PRISMA guidelines to select and review 20 publications that provide evidence on potential harm to human health from open burning plastic waste, arranging evidence into eight groups of substance emissions: brominated flame retardants; phthalates; potentially toxic elements; dioxins and related compounds; bisphenol A; particulate matter; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We semiquantitatively assessed 18 hazard–pathway–receptor combination scenarios to provide an indication of the relative harm of these emissions so that they could be ranked, compared and considered in future research agenda. This assessment overwhelmingly indicated a high risk of harm to waste pickers, a large group of 11 million informal entrepreneurs who work closely with waste, delivering a circular economy but often without protective equipment or a structured, safe system of work. Though the risk to human health from open burning emissions is high, this remains a substantially under-researched topic.

中文翻译：

以全球南方为重点的露天焚烧塑料废物管理不善：对职业和公共卫生风险的系统审查

大量管理不善的塑料垃圾威胁着全世界数十亿人的健康和福祉，尤其是在中低收入国家，这些国家的垃圾管理能力因消费和塑料垃圾产生量的增加而被超越。没有垃圾收集服务的 20 亿人采用的主要自我管理策略之一是在露天、不受控制的火中焚烧丢弃的塑料。虽然这种策略提供了许多好处，包括减少质量和体积，但它是一种塑料污染形式，会导致化学物质和颗粒的释放，可能对公众健康和环境构成严重威胁。我们遵循改编后的 PRISMA 指南，选择并审查了 20 份出版物，这些出版物提供了关于露天焚烧塑料废物对人类健康潜在危害的证据，将证据分为八组物质排放：溴化阻燃剂；邻苯二甲酸盐；潜在有毒元素；二恶英及相关化合物；双酚A；颗粒物；和多环芳烃。我们半定量评估了 18 种危害-途径-受体组合情景，以提供这些排放物的相对危害的指示，以便在未来的研究议程中对它们进行排序、比较和考虑。这项评估压倒性地表明，拾荒者受到伤害的风险很高，这是一个由 1100 万非正式企业家组成的庞大群体，他们与废物密切合作，提供循环经济，但通常没有防护设备或结构化、安全的工作系统。尽管露天燃烧排放物对人类健康的风险很高，但这仍然是一个研究不足的话题。

更新日期：2021-06-01

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