The energy storage system (ESS) revolution has led to next-generation personal electronics, electric vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles, and stationary storage. With the rapid application of advanced ESSs, the uses of ESSs are becoming broader, not only in normal conditions, but also under extreme conditions (high/low-temperatures, high stretching/compression conditions, etc.), bringing new challenges in the energy storage field. To break the electrochemical constraints of ESSs under normal conditions, it is urgent to explore new approaches/concepts to address the critical challenges for ESSs working under extreme conditions via mechanistic understanding of new electrochemical reactions and phenomena in diverse scenarios. In this review, we first summarize the key scientific points (such as electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, and mechanical design) for electrochemical ESSs under extreme conditions, along with the scientific directions to maintain satisfactory performance. Then, we have covered the main obstacles to the utilization of existing ESSs under extreme conditions, and summarized the corresponding solutions to overcome them, as well as effective strategies to improve their electrochemical performance. Finally, we highlight existing critical barriers and the corresponding strategies needed for advancing ESSs under extreme conditions.

中文翻译：

---

在极端条件下工作的电化学储能装置

储能系统（ESS）的革命已导致下一代个人电子产品，电动汽车/混合动力电动汽车和固定式存储。随着先进ESS的快速应用，不仅在正常条件下，而且在极端条件下（高温/低温，高拉伸/压缩条件等），ESS的用途也越来越广泛，给能源领域带来了新的挑战。存储字段。为了打破的ESS正常条件下的电化学制约，迫切需要探索新的方法/概念，以解决ESS的极端条件下工作的严峻挑战通过对各种情况下新的电化学反应和现象的机械理解。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了在极端条件下电化学ESS的关键科学点（例如电化学热力学和动力学以及机械设计），以及保持令人满意性能的科学方向。然后，我们涵盖了在极端条件下利用现有ESS的主要障碍，并总结了克服这些障碍的相应解决方案以及提高其电化学性能的有效策略。最后，我们重点介绍了现有的关键障碍以及在极端条件下推进ESS所需的相应策略。