Continuous water pumping and steam generation are key factors in long-term solar-driven evaporation for fresh water production. However, current solar desalination devices easily get contaminated by salt crystallization, oil spill and marine fouling in real-world applications, causing blockage, corrosion or even invalidation. Developing antifouling coatings that can protect the devices from multi-contamination is a superior option to guarantee the longevity of the devices and stable fresh water generation. Herein, a superhydrophilic hierarchical antifouling floater (SHAF) consisted of zwitterionic hydrogel coated polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS) foam and cotton swabs, is developed. The porous PU membrane is competent to fragment water into ultra-fine droplets, increasing the vapor pressure and promoting the evaporation process. The zwitterionic coating can bind water molecules to form a hydration layer, thus leading to stable water transport and fascinating fouling resistance. Integrated with these merits, this SHAF accelerates water evaporation rate up to ∼2.2 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.5%. It also exhibits prominent microbial resistance with 96.2% against E. coli and ∼100% for diatom. Additionally, due to the hydration shield induced by the zwitterionic coating, the SHAF surface is endowed with self-cleaning property even against crude oil pollution. Therefore, the SHAF with highly efficient water evaporation and multi-contamination resistance is a potential candidate for solar-driven fresh water production from seawater or even wastewater.

连续抽水和产生蒸汽是用于淡水生产的长期太阳能驱动蒸发的关键因素。但是，在实际应用中，当前的太阳能脱盐设备很容易被盐结晶，溢油和海洋污垢污染，从而导致堵塞，腐蚀甚至失效。开发能够保护设备免受多重污染的防污涂层是保证设备寿命和稳定淡水生成的绝佳选择。在此，开发了一种由两性离子水凝胶涂层的聚氨酯（PU），聚苯乙烯（PS）泡沫和棉签组成的超亲水分层防污浮子（SHAF）。多孔PU膜可将水破碎成超细小液滴，从而增加蒸气压并促进蒸发过程。两性离子涂层可以结合水分子以形成水合层，从而导致稳定的水传输和引人入胜的防污性。结合这些优点，此SHAF可将水蒸发速率提高到约2.2 kg m^-2 h ^-1，光热转换效率为93.5％。它还显示出显着的微生物抗性，对大肠杆菌的抗药性为96.2％，对硅藻的抗药性约为100％。另外，由于两性离子涂层引起的水合屏蔽作用，SHAF表面具有自清洁性能，甚至可以抵抗原油污染。因此，具有高效水蒸发能力和抗多污染性的SHAF是从海水甚至废水中利用太阳能驱动淡水的潜在候选产品。