The development of stable, adequate, and cost-effective catalysts to meet current fuel cell requirements is urgent in the face of ever-intensifying energy demands. Heteroatom-doped carbons are promising non-noble metal-based catalysts expected to replace or reduce platinum consumption required for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are rapidly evolving as porous functional materials owing to their high surface area, permanent porosity, and diverse structure, thus rendering their derivatives suitable potential catalysts for electrocatalysis. Herein, we systematically reviewed the latest advances in the design and synthesis of MOF-derived heteroatom-doped carbons, which were further divided into metal-free and metal-containing materials to identify the effects of component manipulation, morphological control, and structural engineering on their ORR performance. Additionally, future challenges and research directions for MOF-derived heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalysts are proposed.

面对不断增长的能源需求，迫切需要开发出稳定，充足且具有成本效益的催化剂来满足当前的燃料电池需求。杂原子掺杂碳是有前途的非贵金属基催化剂，有望取代或减少电催化氧还原反应（ORR）所需的铂消耗。金属有机骨架（MOFs）由于具有高的表面积，永久的孔隙率和多样的结构而迅速发展成为多孔功能材料，因此使其衍生物成为电催化的潜在催化剂。在本文中，我们系统地回顾了MOF衍生的杂原子掺杂碳的设计和合成方面的最新进展，这些研究进一步分为无金属和含金属材料，以识别组分操纵的影响，形态控制和结构工程对其ORR性能的影响。此外，提出了MOF衍生的杂原子掺杂碳电催化剂的未来挑战和研究方向。