Four newly synthesized pyromellitic diimide-based fluorescent dyes with different aryl groups were first reported. All pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) derivatives were firstly displayed prominent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Additionally, the tunable fluorescence of PMDI derivatives were achieved by the varied substituent groups linked on the PMDI skeleton. With the enlarged sizes of isolation groups, aggregation-induced emission migration in the direction of red waves, as the result of the efficient inhibition of π-π stacking by the larger substituent groups. Furthermore, the mechanofluorochromic (MFC) performance of these PMDI derivatives could be tuned by different sized of the substituent groups. Interestingly, PMDI-ESCz, PMDI-PSCz and PMDI-DSCz exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromic performances, but no mechanochromism phenomenon was found for PMDI-In. These results exhibited that substituent groups had significant influence on their AIE and MFC properties.

首次报道了四种具有不同芳基的新合成均苯四甲酸二亚胺基荧光染料。所有均苯四甲酸二亚胺（PMDI）衍生物首先表现出突出的聚集诱导发射（AIE）特性。此外，PMDI衍生物的可调荧光是通过连接在PMDI骨架上的各种取代基实现的。随着隔离基团尺寸的增加，聚集诱导的发射向红波方向迁移，这是较大取代基有效抑制π-π堆积的结果。此外，这些PMDI衍生物的机械荧光致变色（MFC）性能可以通过不同大小的取代基进行调整。有趣的是，PMDI-ESCz，PMDI-PSCz和PMDI-DSCz表现出可逆的机械变色性能，但未发现PMDI-In的机械变色现象。这些结果表明，取代基对它们的AIE和MFC性能具有显着影响。