All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) offer great promise as a next-generation energy storage technology with higher energy density, wider operating temperature range, and improved safety for electric vehicles. ASSBs employing lithium metal anodes (Li), sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSE), and Ni-rich layered transition metal oxide cathodes (LiMO₂, M = Ni, Mn, Co, Al) are particularly promising due to its superior electrochemical performance compared to other solid-electrolyte systems. However, the battery cycle life at high cathode mass loading and high current is still limited because the failure mechanism is not fully understood. Lithium dendrite growth at the anode or inside a solid electrolyte still represents as a serious risk of cell failure. Interfacial resistance increases attributed to electrolyte decomposition and interfacial void formation at both cathode−electrolyte and anode−electrolyte interfaces lead to gradual capacity fading. In this Review, we present the fundamental challenges and recent scientific understandings of each component in ASSBs. The novel diagnostic tools for these components, especially the interfaces buried under the surface that are often hard for characterization are mainly examined. Finally, we offer a perspective for future research directions. We hope this Review will provide a timely snapshot of state-of-the-art research progress in ASSBs to accelerate the development of ASSBs.

全固态电池 (ASSB) 作为具有更高能量密度、更宽工作温度范围和提高电动汽车安全性的下一代储能技术具有广阔的前景。采用锂金属负极 (Li)、硫化物基固态电解质 (SSE) 和富镍层状过渡金属氧化物正极 (LiMO ₂, M = Ni, Mn, Co, Al) 与其他固体电解质系统相比，由于其优异的电化学性能而特别有前途。然而，由于尚未完全了解失效机制，因此在高阴极质量负载和高电流下的电池循环寿命仍然有限。阳极或固体电解质内部的锂枝晶生长仍然是电池失效的严重风险。由于电解质分解和阴极-电解质和阳极-电解质界面处的界面空隙形成导致界面电阻增加导致容量逐渐衰减。在这篇评论中，我们介绍了 ASSB 中每个组件的基本挑战和最近的科学理解。这些组件的新型诊断工具，尤其是主要检​​查埋在表面下的界面，这些界面通常难以表征。最后，我们为未来的研究方向提供了一个视角。我们希望这篇综述能够及时反映 ASSB 的最新研究进展，以加速 ASSB 的发展。