传统 milpa 在墨西哥瓦哈卡高地的粮食安全和营养自给自足中的重要性。,PLOS ONE

当前位置： X-MOL 学术 › PLOS ONE › 论文详情

Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)

传统 milpa 在墨西哥瓦哈卡高地的粮食安全和营养自给自足中的重要性。
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246281
Ivan P Novotny _{1,

2} , Pablo Tittonell _{3,

4,

5} , Mariela H Fuentes-Ponce ₆ , Santiago López-Ridaura ₇ , Walter A H Rossing ₂

Affiliation

全球约 30% 的粮食是由小农生产的，但他们构成了粮食最不安全的群体。在墨西哥，粮食自给率正在下降。该国的农村政策刺激了经济作物的生产，损害了传统的间作系统 milpa。这种下降可能对自给农民的粮食安全产生负面影响。本研究旨在评估过去 30 年来营养自给自足的变化以及 milpa 系统在墨西哥瓦哈卡高地两个社区的粮食安全中的作用。该研究使用卫星图像、人口普查和实地数据来估计粮食产量。三种种植系统，玉米单一栽培、普通豆单一栽培和 milpa 在所产生的营养和维生素方面进行了比较。此外，为每个社区制定了家庭类型，以对比不同家庭类型之间的营养自给自足水平。结果表明，与其他系统相比，milpa 单位面积生产的食物量更大。milpa 还生产养活至少 2 人 ha-1 所需的所有营养素和维生素（B12 除外）。玉米单一栽培缺乏维生素 A、B9、B12 和 C，普通豆类缺乏维生素 A、B12 和 C。虽然农民认识到 milpa 的重要性，但由于该系统的劳动力需求减少，他们更喜欢单一栽培。大部分收入来自非农活动的家庭的营养自给率最低。通过作物多样化提高营养自给自足不仅有可能改善自给农民的营养，

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

The importance of the traditional milpa in food security and nutritional self-sufficiency in the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico.

Around 30% of global food is produced by smallholder farmers, yet they constitute the most food-insecure group. In Mexico, food self-sufficiency is declining. Rural policies in the country have stimulated the production of cash crops to the detriment of the traditional intercropping system, the milpa. Such a decline may have negative consequences for the food security of subsistence farmers. This study aimed to assess changes in nutritional self-sufficiency over the last 30 years and the role of milpa systems in food security for two communities in the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. The study used satellite images, censuses, and field data to estimate food production. Three cropping systems, monoculture of maize, monoculture of common bean, and the milpa were compared in terms of nutrients and vitamins produced. Furthermore, a household typology was developed for each community to contrast nutritional self-sufficiency levels between the different household types. Results showed that the milpa produced more volume of food per area compared to the other systems. The milpa also produced all the nutrients and vitamins (except for B12) required to feed at least 2 persons ha-1. Monocultures of maize lacked vitamins A, B9, B12, and C, and the common bean lacked vitamins A, B12, and C. While farmers recognized the importance of the milpa, they preferred monocultures due to the reduced labor demands of this system. Households that obtained most of their income from off-farm activities had the lowest nutritional self-sufficiency. Enhancing nutritional self-sufficiency through crop diversification has the potential to not only improve the nutrition of subsistence farmers, but also to enhance ecosystem service provision, promote biodiversity conservation and restoration, and improve resilience to climate change.

更新日期：2021-02-19

点击分享查看原文

点击收藏

公开下载

阅读更多本刊新发论文本刊介绍/投稿指南