在我们瞬息万变的世界中，叉尾燕子和红色燕子的人口趋势相反。,Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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在我们瞬息万变的世界中，叉尾燕子和红色燕子的人口趋势相反。
Journal of Evolutionary Biology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 , DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13736
Masaru Hasegawa ₁ , Emi Arai ₂

Affiliation

从理论上讲，性别选择可以对人口水平的适应性产生正面和负面的影响，因此在我们这个不断变化的世界中人口的增加/减少，但是经验证据很少。使用系统发育比较方法，我们研究了不同的性选择装饰品是否以及如何影响燕子的近期种群趋势和灭绝风险（Aves：Hirundininae）。我们发现，人口趋势随着雄性尾巴深度的增加而减少，雄性尾巴是一种著名的性选择特征，而随着带红色羽毛颜色的得分（另一种性选择的装饰品）的增加而增加。观察到了相似的对比模式，以了解灭绝的风险。这些发现表明装饰物特定的人口趋势和灭绝风险，可能是由于装饰物成本和收益的差异所致。先前的研究主要集中于通过组合假定被选择为性别的各种不同特征来对性选择的整体效果进行研究。但是，正如理论所预测的那样，性别选择不会像我们在这里看到的那样对人口动态产生普遍影响。由于性别选择上的细微差异，会产生不同的生态后果，在以后的研究中不应忽略这一点。

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Opposing population trends of fork-tailed swallows and reddish-coloured swallows in our changing world.

Sexual selection can in theory lead to positive and negative effect on population-level fitness and hence population increase/decline in our changing world, but the empirical evidence is scarce. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we examined whether and how different sexually selected ornaments affect recent population trends and extinction risk in swallows (Aves: Hirundininae). We found that population trends decreased with increasing depth of male tails, that is a well-known sexually selected trait, and increased with increasing score of reddish plumage coloration, another sexually selected ornament. Similar contrasting patterns were observed for extinction risk. These findings indicate ornament-specific population trends and extinction risk, perhaps due to the differential costs and benefits of ornamentation. Previous studies have mostly focused on the overall effects of sexual selection by combining different kinds of traits, presumed to be sexually selected. However, as predicted by theory, sexual selection would not be a process with the same universal effect on population dynamics as we found here. Divergent ecological consequences would occur through minor differences in sexual selection, which should not be dismissed in future studies.

更新日期：2020-11-28

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