It is challenging to balance the fetal risks associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) against maternal and fetal risks of seizure worsening, and therefore it is very important to define and distinguish the possible risks entailed by different AEDs. This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive review regarding the possible risks of four classical (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproate) and two newer (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) AEDs during pregnancy. The review focuses on major and organ-specific malformations, dose-dependent risks, mono vs polytherapy, and clinical pharmacokinetics. A discussion regarding the safety of AED use during breastfeeding is also provided.

平衡与使用抗癫痫药物 (AED) 相关的胎儿风险与母体和胎儿癫痫发作恶化的风险具有挑战性，因此定义和区分不同 AED 可能带来的风险非常重要。本文旨在对怀孕期间四种经典（苯妥英、卡马西平、苯巴比妥和丙戊酸盐）和两种较新的（拉莫三嗪和左乙拉西坦）AED 的可能风险进行全面审查。该评价侧重于主要和器官特异性畸形、剂量依赖性风险、单药与多药治疗以及临床药代动力学。还提供了关于母乳喂养期间使用 AED 的安全性的讨论。