精神疾病污名的日常遭遇和减少污名的个人策略 - 精神疾病患者的观点。,Frontiers In Psychology

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精神疾病污名的日常遭遇和减少污名的个人策略 - 精神疾病患者的观点。
Frontiers In Psychology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 , DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590844
Wei Jie Ong ₁ , Shazana Shahwan ₁ , Chong Min Janrius Goh ₁ , Gregory Tee Hng Tan ₁ , Siow Ann Chong ₁ , Mythily Subramaniam ₁

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引言新加坡目前缺乏对精神疾病患者 (PMI) 所经历的精神疾病耻辱的定性评估。本研究旨在采用定性方法来确定新加坡 PMI 所经历的精神疾病污名的常见遭遇，并揭示他们减少精神疾病污名的个人策略和努力。方法本研究是一个更大的研究项目的一部分，该项目探讨新加坡不同利益相关者之间的精神疾病污名化概念。与 42 名 PMI 进行了焦点小组讨论 (FGD)，以收集有关他们对精神疾病污名的体验的定性数据，包括遭遇污名和减少污名的个人策略。采用归纳专题分析法对数据进行分析。结果与 PMI 日常生活中遭遇污名相关的八个新兴主题被归类为两个总体主题，即公众污名（即消极的信念和态度、受到轻蔑的对待、社会排斥、过度审查以及接受过度的关怀和关注） ) 和结构性污名（即要求在工作面试期间声明精神状况，声明后排除在考虑范围之外，以及就业医疗背书的要求）。还确定了有关 PMI 减少耻辱感的个人策略的四个主题（即不披露病情、为自己挺身而出、个人努力提高认识、改善自己和过正常的生活）。局限性由于 FGD 环境中存在其他参与者，参与者可能会受到社会期望偏差的影响。此外，那些同意参加研究的人可能对精神疾病的污名持有强烈的观点或信念，因此可能与那些拒绝参加的人在本质上有所不同。结论我们对 PMI 在新加坡遭遇的公共和结构性污名事件的调查结果可以指导政策制定者制定未来的政策和战略，以减少新加坡社会对精神疾病的污名化。此外，我们的研究还确定了 PMI 用于减少精神疾病污名的个别策略。然而，这些策略的有效性尚不清楚，而且对它们对 PMI 本身的影响知之甚少。因此，

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Daily Encounters of Mental Illness Stigma and Individual Strategies to Reduce Stigma - Perspectives of People With Mental Illness.

INTRODUCTION A qualitative evaluation of mental illness stigma experienced by people with mental illness (PMI) is currently lacking in Singapore. This study aims to employ qualitative methods to identify the common encounters of mental illness stigma experienced by PMI in Singapore and uncover their individual strategies and efforts to reduce mental illness stigma. METHODS This study is part of a larger research project that explores the concept of mental illness stigma among different stakeholders in Singapore. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 42 PMI to collect qualitative data on their experience with mental illness stigma, including encounters of stigma and individual strategies to reduce stigma. The inductive thematic analysis method was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS The eight emergent themes associated with encountering stigma in PMI's everyday life were categorized into two over-arching themes, public stigma (i.e., negative beliefs and attitudes, subjected to contemptuous treatment, social exclusion, over-scrutinizing, and receiving excessive care and concern) and structural stigma (i.e., the requirement to declare psychiatric conditions during job interviews, excluded from consideration after the declaration, and requirement of medical endorsements for employment). Four themes regarding PMI's individual strategies to reduce stigma were also identified (i.e., non-disclosure of condition, standing up for themselves, individual efforts in raising awareness, improving themselves, and living life as per normal). LIMITATIONS Participants may be influenced by social desirability bias due to the presence of other participants in an FGD setting. Also, those who agreed to participate in the study may possess strong views or beliefs about mental illness stigma and may therefore be inherently different from those who refused to participate. CONCLUSION Our findings on instances of public and structural stigma encountered by PMI in Singapore can guide policymakers with the development of future policies and strategies to reduce mental illness stigma in the Singapore society. Furthermore, our study also identified individual strategies that PMI employed to reduce mental illness stigma. However, the effectiveness of these strategies was unclear and little is known of their effect on PMI themselves. Hence, there is a need for future studies to examine these strategies.

更新日期：2020-10-30

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