情境强度作为心理模型中相互作用的基础。,Psychological Methods

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情境强度作为心理模型中相互作用的基础。
Psychological Methods ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 , DOI: 10.1037/met0000372
Jose M Cortina ₁ , Tine Köhler ₂ , Kathleen R Keeler ₃ , S Douglas Pugh ₁

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心理学家用来理解行为和认知的最重要方法之一是理论化。理论化越来越多地用于支持加法假设和乘法假设。然而，作者常常难以为乘法假设提供充分的理论依据。在 1960 年代末和 1970 年代初，W. Mischel 断言，在“强势”情况下，无论一个人的性格特征如何，行为都是相对一致的。在“弱”的情况下，即那些缺乏明确的行为预期的情况下，行为不受情况的限制，可以随性格自由变化。这是情境力量的相互作用，尽管这种推理已应用于人格行为模型，但我们表明它可以用来更普遍地证明心理学中的许多交互模型的合理性。在某些情况下，这种推理可能有助于支持更传统的交互论点。在其他情况下，它表明传统的交互论证一定是不正确的。在本教程中，我们描述了一种广义的情境强度现象，称为受限方差交互，这可以用来确定心理科学中许多相互作用假设的性质、方向甚至大小。我们使用工作场所虐待文献中的例子来说明限制方差推理的价值和应用，然后推断到其他几个心理学领域。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）

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Situation strength as a basis for interactions in psychological models.

One of the most important methods that psychological scientists use to understand behavior and cognition is theorizing. Increasingly, theorizing is used to support not only additive hypotheses, but also multiplicative ones. And yet, authors often struggle to provide adequate theoretical justifications for multiplicative hypotheses. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, W. Mischel averred that, in “strong” situations, behavior is relatively uniform regardless of one’s personality characteristics. In “weak” situations, that is, those that lack clear behavioral expectations, behavior is not constrained by the situation and is free to covary with personality. This is the situational strength interaction, and although this reasoning has been applied to personality-behavior models, we show that it can be used to justify many interaction models in psychology more generally. In some cases, such reasoning may serve to bolster the more traditional interaction arguments. In other cases, it shows that the traditional interaction arguments must be incorrect. In this tutorial, we describe a generalized situation strength phenomenon, called the restricted variance interaction, that can be used to pinpoint the nature, direction, and even the magnitude of many interaction hypotheses in the psychological sciences. We illustrate the value and application of restricted variance reasoning using examples from the workplace mistreatment literature and then extrapolate to several other areas of psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

更新日期：2020-11-09

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