The central dogma of biology does not allow for the study of glycans using DNA sequencing. We report a liquid glycan array (LiGA) platform comprising a library of DNA ‘barcoded’ M13 virions that display 30–1,500 copies of glycans per phage. A LiGA is synthesized by acylation of the phage pVIII protein with a dibenzocyclooctyne, followed by ligation of azido-modified glycans. Pulldown of the LiGA with lectins followed by deep sequencing of the barcodes in the bound phage decodes the optimal structure and density of the recognized glycans. The LiGA is target agnostic and can measure the glycan-binding profile of lectins, such as CD22, on cells in vitro and immune cells in a live mouse. From a mixture of multivalent glycan probes, LiGAs identify the glycoconjugates with optimal avidity necessary for binding to lectins on living cells in vitro and in vivo.

生物学的中心法则不允许使用 DNA 测序来研究聚糖。我们报道了一个液体聚糖阵列 （LiGA） 平台，该平台包含一个 DNA“条形码”M13 病毒粒子库，每个噬菌体显示 30-1,500 个聚糖拷贝。通过将噬菌体 pVIII 蛋白与二苯并环辛烷酰化，然后连接叠氮基修饰的聚糖来合成 LiGA。用凝集素对 LiGA 进行沉降，然后对结合噬菌体中的条形码进行深度测序，解码已识别聚糖的最佳结构和密度。LiGA 与靶标无关，可以测量体外细胞和活小鼠免疫细胞上凝集素（如 CD22）的聚糖结合谱。从多价聚糖探针的混合物中，LiGA 可识别出在体外和体内与活细胞上的凝集素结合所需的具有最佳亲和力的糖缀合物。