Endogenous Stimuli-Activatable Nanomedicine for Immune Theranostics for Cancer,Advanced Functional Materials

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Endogenous Stimuli-Activatable Nanomedicine for Immune Theranostics for Cancer
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-15 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202100386
Weiqi Wang _{1,

2} , Yilan Jin _{1,

2} , Xiao Liu ₁ , Fangmin Chen ₂ , Xiaohua Zheng ₁ , Tianqing Liu ₃ , Yumin Yang ₄ , Haijun Yu ₂

Affiliation

Cancer immunotherapy has witnessed significant advances in the past decade, however challenges associated with immune-related adverse effects and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, have hindered their clinical application. Stimuli-activatable nanomedicines hold great potential for improving the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy and minimizing the side effects via tumor-specific accumulation, controllable drug release profile, and combinational therapy by integrating multiple therapeutic regimens. In this review, the recent advances of stimuli-activatable nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are first described, with particular focus on endogenous stimuli including pH, glutathione, reactive oxygen species, and excessive enzymes within the tumor microenvironment. Then, the endogenous stimuli-activatable nanomedicines that target tumor cells, immune cells, or periphery immune systems for eliciting sustained systemic immune activation and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, are described. Next, the general mechanisms underlying nanomedicine-based immunotherapy by eliciting anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming immunologic tolerance are described. Further, the emerging application of bioimaging techniques for monitoring immune response and evaluating therapy performance is described. Finally, the authors’ perspectives are provided for the clinical translation of nanomedicine-based cancer immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

用于癌症免疫治疗的内源性刺激激活纳米药物

癌症免疫疗法在过去十年中取得了重大进展，但与免疫相关不良反应和免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境相关的挑战阻碍了其临床应用。可刺激激活的纳米药物通过整合多种治疗方案，通过肿瘤特异性积累、可控的药物释放曲线和联合治疗，在提高癌症免疫治疗效率和最小化副作用方面具有巨大潜力。在这篇综述中，首先描述了用于癌症免疫治疗的可刺激激活纳米药物的最新进展，特别关注内源性刺激，包括 pH、谷胱甘肽、活性氧和肿瘤微环境中的过量酶。然后，描述了针对肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞或外周免疫系统的内源性刺激激活纳米药物，用于引发持续的全身免疫激活和调节免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境。接下来，描述了基于纳米医学的免疫疗法通过引发抗肿瘤免疫反应和克服免疫耐受性的一般机制。此外，还描述了生物成像技术在监测免疫反应和评估治疗效果方面的新兴应用。最后，作者对基于纳米医学的癌症免疫疗法的临床转化提出了自己的观点。描述了通过引发抗肿瘤免疫反应和克服免疫耐受性的基于纳米医学的免疫疗法的一般机制。此外，还描述了生物成像技术在监测免疫反应和评估治疗效果方面的新兴应用。最后，作者对基于纳米医学的癌症免疫疗法的临床转化提出了自己的观点。描述了通过引发抗肿瘤免疫反应和克服免疫耐受性的基于纳米医学的免疫疗法的一般机制。此外，还描述了生物成像技术在监测免疫反应和评估治疗效果方面的新兴应用。最后，作者对基于纳米医学的癌症免疫疗法的临床转化提出了自己的观点。

更新日期：2021-06-24

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