Highly selective etherification of fructose and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over a novel Pd-Ru/MXene catalyst for sustainable liquid fuel production,International Journal of Energy Research

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Highly selective etherification of fructose and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over a novel Pd-Ru/MXene catalyst for sustainable liquid fuel production
International Journal of Energy Research ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 , DOI: 10.1002/er.6743
Govindan Bharath ₁ , Krishnamoorthy Rambabu ₁ , Abdul Hai ₁ , Pranay P. Morajkar ₂ , Akshay V. Salkar ₂ , Shadi W. Hasan ₁ , Pau Loke Show ₃ , Fawzi Banat ₁

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Sustainable liquid fuel production from bio-oil compounds has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The catalytic etherification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is an effective approach for the production of liquid fuels. However, the development of high-performance and chemically stable catalysts has remained challenging. In this work, ultra-small Pd-Ru NPs were successfully immobilized on the surfaces of 2D MXene nanosheets (Pd-Ru/MXene) via fish sperm DNA-assisted microwave process. HR-TEM imaging results with SAED analysis showed that the hexagonal closed-pack (hcp) Pd-Ru NPs were grown on the surfaces of sheet-like MXene, thus enhancing the specific surface area of 117 m² g⁻¹ and providing a higher density of the acid-base sites. Furthermore, Pd-Ru/MXene was employed for the etherification of HMF into EMF. The results showed that the Pd-Ru/MXene catalyst exhibited 98% EMF yield and 100% HMF conversion with the prolonged usage of catalyst for five consecutive reuse cycles. Additionally, fructose was directly converted into EMF with a higher yield of 82% over the Pd-Ru/MXene catalyst at lower reaction conditions. The recyclability test of the used Pd-Ru/MXene catalyst demonstrated its chemical stability under prolonged usage for several hours and is therefore suitable for commercial renewable liquid fuel production.

中文翻译：

果糖和 5-羟甲基糠醛在新型 Pd-Ru/MXene 催化剂上的高选择性醚化，用于可持续液体燃料生产

近年来，生物油化合物的可持续液体燃料生产引起了相当多的关注。5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）催化醚化为乙氧基甲基糠醛（EMF）是生产液体燃料的有效方法。然而，高性能和化学稳定催化剂的开发仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中，通过鱼精子 DNA 辅助的微波过程，超小型 Pd-Ru NPs 成功地固定在 2D MXene 纳米片（Pd-Ru/MXene）的表面上。带有 SAED 分析的 HR-TEM 成像结果表明，六边形封闭堆积 (hcp) Pd-Ru NPs 生长在片状 MXene 的表面上，从而提高了 117 m ² g ^-1的比表面积并提供更高密度的酸碱位点。此外，Pd-Ru/MXene 用于将 HMF 醚化为 EMF。结果表明，Pd-Ru/MXene 催化剂表现出 98% 的 EMF 产率和 100% 的 HMF 转化率，延长催化剂使用时间连续五个重复循环。此外，在较低的反应条件下，果糖直接转化为 EMF，产率比 Pd-Ru/MXene 催化剂高 82%。使用过的 Pd-Ru/MXene 催化剂的可回收性测试证明了其在长时间使用数小时后的化学稳定性，因此适用于商业可再生液体燃料生产。

更新日期：2021-05-03

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