A Systematic Review of the Development and Validation of the Heat Vulnerability Index: Major Factors, Methods, and Spatial Units,Current Climate Change Reports

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A Systematic Review of the Development and Validation of the Heat Vulnerability Index: Major Factors, Methods, and Spatial Units
Current Climate Change Reports ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s40641-021-00173-3
Yanlin Niu _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Zhichao Li ₅ , Yuan Gao ₁ , Xiaobo Liu ₁ , Lei Xu _{1,

6,

7} , Sotiris Vardoulakis ₈ , Yujuan Yue ₁ , Jun Wang ₁ , Qiyong Liu _{1,

4}

Affiliation

State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206 China.
Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing, China.
Research Center for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China.
University College London, London, UK.
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Purpose of review

This review aims to identify the key factors, methods, and spatial units used in the development and validation of the heat vulnerability index (HVI) and discuss the underlying limitations of the data and methods by evaluating the performance of the HVI.

Recent findings

Thirteen studies characterizing the factors of the HVI development and relating the index with validation data were identified. Five types of factors (i.e., hazard exposure, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and underlying health) of the HVI development were identified, and the top five were social cohesion, race, and/or ethnicity, landscape, age, and economic status. The principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) was often used in index development, and four types of spatial units (i.e., census tracts, administrative area, postal code, grid) were used for establishing the relationship between factors and the HVI. Moreover, although most studies showed that a higher HVI was often associated with the increase in health risk, the strength of the relationship was weak.

Summary

This review provides a retrospect of the major factors, methods, and spatial units used in development and validation of the HVI and helps to define the framework for future studies. In the future, more information on the hazard exposure, underlying health, governance, and protection awareness should be considered in the HVI development, and the duration and location of validation data should be strengthened to verify the reliability of HVI.

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