Thermal Regeneration of Spent Granular Activated Carbon Presents an Opportunity to Break the Forever PFAS Cycle,Environmental Science & Technology

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Thermal Regeneration of Spent Granular Activated Carbon Presents an Opportunity to Break the Forever PFAS Cycle
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08224
Busra Sonmez Baghirzade ₁ , Yi Zhang ₂ , James F Reuther ₃ , Navid B Saleh ₄ , Arjun K Venkatesan ₂ , Onur G Apul ₅

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Extensive use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused their ubiquitous presence in natural waters. One of the standard practices for PFAS removal from water is adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC); however, this approach generates a new waste stream, i.e., PFAS-laden GAC. Considering the recalcitrance of PFAS molecules in the environment, inadequate disposal (e.g., landfill or incineration) of PFAS-laden GAC may let PFAS back into the aquatic cycle. Therefore, developing approaches for PFAS-laden GAC management present unique opportunities to break its forever circulation within the aqueous environment. This comprehensive review evaluates the past two decades of research on conventional thermal regeneration of GAC and critically analyzes and summarizes the literature on regeneration of PFAS-laden GACs. Optimized thermal regeneration of PFAS-laden GACs may provide an opportunity to employ existing regeneration infrastructure to mineralize the adsorbed PFAS and recover the spent GAC. The specific objectives of this review are (i) to investigate the role of physicochemical properties of PFAS on thermal regeneration, (ii) to assess the changes in regeneration yield as well as GAC physical and chemical structure upon thermal regeneration, and (iii) to critically discuss regeneration parameters controlling the process. This literature review on the engineered regeneration process illustrates the significant promise of this approach that can break the endless environmental cycle of these forever chemicals, while preserving the desired physicochemical properties of the valuable GAC adsorbent.

中文翻译：

用过的颗粒活性炭的热再生提供了打破永久 PFAS 循环的机会

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的广泛使用导致它们在天然水域中无处不在。从水中去除 PFAS 的标准做法之一是吸附到颗粒活性炭 (GAC) 上；然而，这种方法会产生一种新的废物流，即含有 PFAS 的 GAC。考虑到 PFAS 分子在环境中的顽固性，富含 PFAS 的 GAC 处置不当（例如，填埋或焚烧）可能会使 PFAS 重新进入水生循环。因此，开发富含 PFAS 的 GAC 管理方法为打破其在水环境中的永久循环提供了独特的机会。这篇综合综述评估了过去 20 年对 GAC 常规热再生的研究，并批判性地分析和总结了有关 PFAS 载气 GAC 再生的文献。载有 PFAS 的 GAC 的优化热再生可以提供一个机会，利用现有的再生基础设施来矿化吸附的 PFAS 并回收用过的 GAC。本综述的具体目标是 (i) 研究 PFAS 的物理化学性质对热再生的作用，(ii) 评估热再生后再生产量以及 GAC 物理和化学结构的变化，以及 (iii)批判性地讨论控制过程的再生参数。这篇关于工程再生过程的文献综述说明了这种方法的巨大前景，它可以打破这些永久化学物质的无休止的环境循环，同时保留有价值的 GAC 吸附剂所需的物理化学性质。

更新日期：2021-05-04

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